Florida Sales Tax Statute

212.08

Sales, rental, use, consumption, distribution, and storage tax; specified exemptions.—

The sale at retail, the rental, the use, the consumption, the distribution, and the storage to be used or consumed in this state of the following are hereby specifically exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(1) EXEMPTIONS; GENERAL GROCERIES.—
(a) Food products for human consumption are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(b) For the purpose of this chapter, as used in this subsection, the term “food products” means edible commodities, whether processed, cooked, raw, canned, or in any other form, which are generally regarded as food. This includes, but is not limited to, all of the following:
1. Cereals and cereal products, baked goods, oleomargarine, meat and meat products, fish and seafood products, frozen foods and dinners, poultry, eggs and egg products, vegetables and vegetable products, fruit and fruit products, spices, salt, sugar and sugar products, milk and dairy products, and products intended to be mixed with milk.
2. Natural fruit or vegetable juices or their concentrates or reconstituted natural concentrated fruit or vegetable juices, whether frozen or unfrozen, dehydrated, powdered, granulated, sweetened or unsweetened, seasoned with salt or spice, or unseasoned; coffee, coffee substitutes, or cocoa; and tea, unless it is sold in a liquid form.
3. Bakery products sold by bakeries, pastry shops, or like establishments that do not have eating facilities.
(c) The exemption provided by this subsection does not apply to:
1. Food products sold as meals for consumption on or off the premises of the dealer.
2. Food products furnished, prepared, or served for consumption at tables, chairs, or counters or from trays, glasses, dishes, or other tableware, whether provided by the dealer or by a person with whom the dealer contracts to furnish, prepare, or serve food products to others.
3. Food products ordinarily sold for immediate consumption on the seller’s premises or near a location at which parking facilities are provided primarily for the use of patrons in consuming the products purchased at the location, even though such products are sold on a “take out” or “to go” order and are actually packaged or wrapped and taken from the premises of the dealer.
4. Sandwiches sold ready for immediate consumption on or off the seller’s premises.
5. Food products sold ready for immediate consumption within a place, the entrance to which is subject to an admission charge.
6. Food products sold as hot prepared food products.
7. Soft drinks, including, but not limited to, any nonalcoholic beverage, any preparation or beverage commonly referred to as a “soft drink,” or any noncarbonated drink made from milk derivatives or tea, if sold in cans or similar containers.
8. Ice cream, frozen yogurt, and similar frozen dairy or nondairy products in cones, small cups, or pints, popsicles, frozen fruit bars, or other novelty items, whether or not sold separately.
9. Food that is prepared, whether on or off the premises, and sold for immediate consumption. This does not apply to food prepared off the premises and sold in the original sealed container, or the slicing of products into smaller portions.
10. Food products sold through a vending machine, pushcart, motor vehicle, or any other form of vehicle.
11. Candy and any similar product regarded as candy or confection, based on its normal use, as indicated on the label or advertising thereof.
12. Bakery products sold by bakeries, pastry shops, or like establishments having eating facilities, except when sold for consumption off the seller’s premises.
13. Food products served, prepared, or sold in or by restaurants, lunch counters, cafeterias, hotels, taverns, or other like places of business.
(d) As used in this subsection, the term:
1. “For consumption off the seller’s premises” means that the food or drink is intended by the customer to be consumed at a place away from the dealer’s premises.
2. “For consumption on the seller’s premises” means that the food or drink sold may be immediately consumed on the premises where the dealer conducts his or her business. In determining whether an item of food is sold for immediate consumption, the customary consumption practices prevailing at the selling facility shall be considered.
3. “Premises” shall be construed broadly, and means, but is not limited to, the lobby, aisle, or auditorium of a theater; the seating, aisle, or parking area of an arena, rink, or stadium; or the parking area of a drive-in or outdoor theater. The premises of a caterer with respect to catered meals or beverages shall be the place where such meals or beverages are served.
4. “Hot prepared food products” means those products, items, or components which have been prepared for sale in a heated condition and which are sold at any temperature that is higher than the air temperature of the room or place where they are sold. “Hot prepared food products,” for the purposes of this subsection, includes a combination of hot and cold food items or components where a single price has been established for the combination and the food products are sold in such combination, such as a hot meal, a hot specialty dish or serving, or a hot sandwich or hot pizza, including cold components or side items.
(e)1. Food or drinks not exempt under paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) are exempt, notwithstanding those paragraphs, when purchased with food coupons or Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children vouchers issued under authority of federal law.
2. This paragraph is effective only while federal law prohibits a state’s participation in the federal food coupon program or Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children if there is an official determination that state or local sales taxes are collected within that state on purchases of food or drinks with such coupons.
3. This paragraph shall not apply to any food or drinks on which federal law shall permit sales taxes without penalty, such as termination of the state’s participation.
(f) The application of the tax on a package that contains exempt food products and taxable nonfood products depends upon the essential character of the complete package.
1. If the taxable items represent more than 25 percent of the cost of the complete package and a single charge is made, the entire sales price of the package is taxable. If the taxable items are separately stated, the separate charge for the taxable items is subject to tax.
2. If the taxable items represent 25 percent or less of the cost of the complete package and a single charge is made, the entire sales price of the package is exempt from tax. The person preparing the package is liable for the tax on the cost of the taxable items going into the complete package. If the taxable items are separately stated, the separate charge is subject to tax.
(2) EXEMPTIONS; MEDICAL.—
(a) There shall be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter any medical products and supplies or medicine dispensed according to an individual prescription or prescriptions written by a prescriber authorized by law to prescribe medicinal drugs; hypodermic needles; hypodermic syringes; chemical compounds and test kits used for the diagnosis or treatment of human disease, illness, or injury; and common household remedies recommended and generally sold for internal or external use in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of illness or disease in human beings, but not including cosmetics or toilet articles, notwithstanding the presence of medicinal ingredients therein, according to a list prescribed and approved by the Department of Business and Professional Regulation, which list shall be certified to the Department of Revenue from time to time and included in the rules promulgated by the Department of Revenue. There shall also be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter artificial eyes and limbs; orthopedic shoes; prescription eyeglasses and items incidental thereto or which become a part thereof; dentures; hearing aids; crutches; prosthetic and orthopedic appliances; and funerals. In addition, any items intended for one-time use which transfer essential optical characteristics to contact lenses shall be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter; however, this exemption shall apply only after $100,000 of the tax imposed by this chapter on such items has been paid in any calendar year by a taxpayer who claims the exemption in such year. Funeral directors shall pay tax on all tangible personal property used by them in their business.
(b) For the purposes of this subsection:
1. “Prosthetic and orthopedic appliances” means any apparatus, instrument, device, or equipment used to replace or substitute for any missing part of the body, to alleviate the malfunction of any part of the body, or to assist any disabled person in leading a normal life by facilitating such person’s mobility. Such apparatus, instrument, device, or equipment shall be exempted according to an individual prescription or prescriptions written by a physician licensed under chapter 458, chapter 459, chapter 460, chapter 461, or chapter 466, or according to a list prescribed and approved by the Department of Health, which list shall be certified to the Department of Revenue from time to time and included in the rules promulgated by the Department of Revenue.
2. “Cosmetics” means articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance and also means articles intended for use as a compound of any such articles, including, but not limited to, cold creams, suntan lotions, makeup, and body lotions.
3. “Toilet articles” means any article advertised or held out for sale for grooming purposes and those articles that are customarily used for grooming purposes, regardless of the name by which they may be known, including, but not limited to, soap, toothpaste, hair spray, shaving products, colognes, perfumes, shampoo, deodorant, and mouthwash.
4. “Prescription” includes any order for drugs or medicinal supplies written or transmitted by any means of communication by a duly licensed practitioner authorized by the laws of the state to prescribe such drugs or medicinal supplies and intended to be dispensed by a pharmacist. The term also includes an orally transmitted order by the lawfully designated agent of such practitioner. The term also includes an order written or transmitted by a practitioner licensed to practice in a jurisdiction other than this state, but only if the pharmacist called upon to dispense such order determines, in the exercise of his or her professional judgment, that the order is valid and necessary for the treatment of a chronic or recurrent illness. The term also includes a pharmacist’s order for a product selected from the formulary created pursuant to s. 465.186. A prescription may be retained in written form, or the pharmacist may cause it to be recorded in a data processing system, provided that such order can be produced in printed form upon lawful request.
(c) Chlorine shall not be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter when used for the treatment of water in swimming pools.
(d) Lithotripters are exempt.
(e) Human organs are exempt.
(f) Sales of drugs to or by physicians, dentists, veterinarians, and hospitals in connection with medical treatment are exempt.
(g) Medical products and supplies used in the cure, mitigation, alleviation, prevention, or treatment of injury, disease, or incapacity which are temporarily or permanently incorporated into a patient or client by a practitioner of the healing arts licensed in the state are exempt.
(h) The purchase by a veterinarian of commonly recognized substances possessing curative or remedial properties which are ordered and dispensed as treatment for a diagnosed health disorder by or on the prescription of a duly licensed veterinarian, and which are applied to or consumed by animals for alleviation of pain or the cure or prevention of sickness, disease, or suffering are exempt. Also exempt are the purchase by a veterinarian of antiseptics, absorbent cotton, gauze for bandages, lotions, vitamins, and worm remedies.
(i) Sales of therapeutic veterinary diets specifically formulated to aid in the management of illness and disease of a diagnosed health disorder in an animal and which are only available from a licensed veterinarian are exempt from the tax imposed under this chapter.
(j) X-ray opaques, also known as opaque drugs and radiopaque, such as the various opaque dyes and barium sulphate, when used in connection with medical X rays for treatment of bodies of humans and animals, are exempt.
(k) Parts, special attachments, special lettering, and other like items that are added to or attached to tangible personal property so that a handicapped person can use them are exempt when such items are purchased by a person pursuant to an individual prescription.
1(l) Marijuana and marijuana delivery devices, as defined in s. 381.986, are exempt from the taxes imposed under this chapter.
(m) This subsection shall be strictly construed and enforced.
(3) EXEMPTIONS; CERTAIN FARM EQUIPMENT.—
(a) The tax may not be imposed on the sale, rental, lease, use, consumption, repair, or storage for use in this state of power farm equipment or irrigation equipment, including replacement parts and accessories for power farm equipment or irrigation equipment, which are used exclusively on a farm or in a forest in the agricultural production of crops or products produced by those agricultural industries included in s. 570.02(1), or for fire prevention and suppression work with respect to such crops or products. Harvesting may not be construed to include processing activities. This exemption is not forfeited by moving farm equipment between farms or forests.
2(b) The tax may not be imposed on the sales price for a trailer purchased by a farmer for exclusive use in agricultural production or to transport farm products from his or her farm to the place where the farmer transfers ownership of the farm products to another. This exemption is not forfeited by using a trailer to transport the farmer’s farm equipment. The exemption provided under this paragraph does not apply to the lease or rental of a trailer.
(c) The exemptions provided in paragraphs (a) and (b) are not allowed unless the purchaser, renter, or lessee signs a certificate stating that the farm equipment is to be used exclusively as required under this subsection. Possession by a seller, lessor, or other dealer of a written certification by the purchaser, renter, or lessee certifying the purchaser’s, renter’s, or lessee’s entitlement to an exemption permitted by this subsection relieves the seller from the responsibility of collecting the tax on the nontaxable amounts, and the department shall look solely to the purchaser for recovery of such tax if it determines that the purchaser was not entitled to the exemption.
(4) EXEMPTIONS; ITEMS BEARING OTHER EXCISE TAXES, ETC.—
(a) Also exempt are:
1. Water delivered to the purchaser through pipes or conduits or delivered for irrigation purposes. The sale of drinking water in bottles, cans, or other containers, including water that contains minerals or carbonation in its natural state or water to which minerals have been added at a water treatment facility regulated by the Department of Environmental Protection or the Department of Health, is exempt. This exemption does not apply to the sale of drinking water in bottles, cans, or other containers if carbonation or flavorings, except those added at a water treatment facility, have been added. Water that has been enhanced by the addition of minerals and that does not contain any added carbonation or flavorings is also exempt.
2. All fuels used by a public or private utility, including any municipal corporation or rural electric cooperative association, in the generation of electric power or energy for sale. Fuel other than motor fuel and diesel fuel is taxable as provided in this chapter with the exception of fuel expressly exempt herein. Natural gas and natural gas fuel as defined in s. 206.9951(2) are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter when placed into the fuel supply system of a motor vehicle. Effective July 1, 2013, natural gas used to generate electricity in a non-combustion fuel cell used in stationary equipment is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. Motor fuels and diesel fuels are taxable as provided in chapter 206, with the exception of those motor fuels and diesel fuels used by railroad locomotives or vessels to transport persons or property in interstate or foreign commerce, which are taxable under this chapter only to the extent provided herein. The basis of the tax shall be the ratio of intrastate mileage to interstate or foreign mileage traveled by the carrier’s railroad locomotives or vessels that were used in interstate or foreign commerce and that had at least some Florida mileage during the previous fiscal year of the carrier, such ratio to be determined at the close of the fiscal year of the carrier. However, during the fiscal year in which the carrier begins its initial operations in this state, the carrier’s mileage apportionment factor may be determined on the basis of an estimated ratio of anticipated miles in this state to anticipated total miles for that year, and subsequently, additional tax shall be paid on the motor fuel and diesel fuels, or a refund may be applied for, on the basis of the actual ratio of the carrier’s railroad locomotives’ or vessels’ miles in this state to its total miles for that year. This ratio shall be applied each month to the total Florida purchases made in this state of motor and diesel fuels to establish that portion of the total used and consumed in intrastate movement and subject to tax under this chapter. The basis for imposition of any discretionary surtax shall be set forth in s. 212.054. Fuels used exclusively in intrastate commerce do not qualify for the proration of tax.
3. The transmission or wheeling of electricity.
4. Dyed diesel fuel placed into the storage tank of a vessel used exclusively for the commercial fishing and aquacultural purposes listed in s. 206.41(4)(c)3.
(b) Alcoholic beverages and malt beverages are not exempt. The terms “alcoholic beverages” and “malt beverages” as used in this paragraph have the same meanings ascribed to them in ss. 561.01(4) and 563.01, respectively. It is determined by the Legislature that the classification of alcoholic beverages made in this paragraph for the purpose of extending the tax imposed by this chapter is reasonable and just, and it is intended that such tax be separate from, and in addition to, any other tax imposed on alcoholic beverages.
(5) EXEMPTIONS; ACCOUNT OF USE.—
3(a) Items in agricultural use and certain nets.—There are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter nets designed and used exclusively by commercial fisheries; disinfectants, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and weed killers used for application on crops or groves, including commercial nurseries and home vegetable gardens, used in dairy barns or on poultry farms for the purpose of protecting poultry or livestock, or used directly on poultry or livestock; animal health products that are administered to, applied to, or consumed by livestock or poultry to alleviate pain or cure or prevent sickness, disease, or suffering, including, but not limited to, antiseptics, absorbent cotton, gauze for bandages, lotions, vaccines, vitamins, and worm remedies; aquaculture health products that are used by aquaculture producers, as defined in s. 597.0015, to prevent or treat fungi, bacteria, and parasitic diseases; portable containers or movable receptacles in which portable containers are placed, used for processing farm products; field and garden seeds, including flower seeds; nursery stock, seedlings, cuttings, or other propagative material purchased for growing stock; seeds, seedlings, cuttings, and plants used to produce food for human consumption; cloth, plastic, and other similar materials used for shade, mulch, or protection from frost or insects on a farm; hog wire and barbed wire fencing, including gates and materials used to construct or repair such fencing, used in agricultural production on lands classified as agricultural lands under s. 193.461; materials used to construct or repair permanent or temporary fencing used to contain, confine, or process cattle, including gates and energized fencing systems, used in agricultural operations on lands classified as agricultural lands under s. 193.461; stakes used by a farmer to support plants during agricultural production; generators used on poultry farms; and liquefied petroleum gas or other fuel used to heat a structure in which started pullets or broilers are raised; however, such exemption is not allowed unless the purchaser or lessee signs a certificate stating that the item to be exempted is for the exclusive use designated herein. Also exempt are cellophane wrappers, glue for tin and glass (apiarists), mailing cases for honey, shipping cases, window cartons, and baling wire and twine used for baling hay, when used by a farmer to contain, produce, or process an agricultural commodity.
(b) Machinery and equipment used to increase productive output.—
1. Industrial machinery and equipment purchased for exclusive use by a new business in spaceport activities as defined by s. 212.02 or for use in new businesses that manufacture, process, compound, or produce for sale items of tangible personal property at fixed locations are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter upon an affirmative showing by the taxpayer to the satisfaction of the department that such items are used in a new business in this state. Such purchases must be made before the date the business first begins its productive operations, and delivery of the purchased item must be made within 12 months after that date.
2. Industrial machinery and equipment purchased for exclusive use by an expanding facility which is engaged in spaceport activities as defined by s. 212.02 or for use in expanding manufacturing facilities or plant units which manufacture, process, compound, or produce for sale items of tangible personal property at fixed locations in this state are exempt from any amount of tax imposed by this chapter upon an affirmative showing by the taxpayer to the satisfaction of the department that such items are used to increase the productive output of such expanded facility or business by not less than 5 percent.
3.a. To receive an exemption provided by subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2., a qualifying business entity shall apply to the department for a temporary tax exemption permit. The application shall state that a new business exemption or expanded business exemption is being sought. Upon a tentative affirmative determination by the department pursuant to subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2., the department shall issue such permit.
b. The applicant shall maintain all necessary books and records to support the exemption. Upon completion of purchases of qualified machinery and equipment pursuant to subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2., the temporary tax permit shall be delivered to the department or returned to the department by certified or registered mail.
c. If, in a subsequent audit conducted by the department, it is determined that the machinery and equipment purchased as exempt under subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2. did not meet the criteria mandated by this paragraph or if commencement of production did not occur, the amount of taxes exempted at the time of purchase shall immediately be due and payable to the department by the business entity, together with the appropriate interest and penalty, computed from the date of purchase, in the manner prescribed by this chapter.
d. If a qualifying business entity fails to apply for a temporary exemption permit or if the tentative determination by the department required to obtain a temporary exemption permit is negative, a qualifying business entity shall receive the exemption provided in subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2. through a refund of previously paid taxes. No refund may be made for such taxes unless the criteria mandated by subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2. have been met and commencement of production has occurred.
4. The department shall adopt rules governing applications for, issuance of, and the form of temporary tax exemption permits; provisions for recapture of taxes; and the manner and form of refund applications, and may establish guidelines as to the requisites for an affirmative showing of increased productive output, commencement of production, and qualification for exemption.
5. The exemptions provided in subparagraphs 1. and 2. do not apply to machinery or equipment purchased or used by electric utility companies, communications companies, oil or gas exploration or production operations, publishing firms that do not export at least 50 percent of their finished product out of the state, any firm subject to regulation by the Division of Hotels and Restaurants of the Department of Business and Professional Regulation, or any firm that does not manufacture, process, compound, or produce for sale items of tangible personal property or that does not use such machinery and equipment in spaceport activities as required by this paragraph. The exemptions provided in subparagraphs 1. and 2. shall apply to machinery and equipment purchased for use in phosphate or other solid minerals severance, mining, or processing operations.
6. For the purposes of the exemptions provided in subparagraphs 1. and 2., these terms have the following meanings:
a. “Industrial machinery and equipment” means tangible personal property or other property that has a depreciable life of 3 years or more and that is used as an integral part in the manufacturing, processing, compounding, or production of tangible personal property for sale or is exclusively used in spaceport activities. A building and its structural components are not industrial machinery and equipment unless the building or structural component is so closely related to the industrial machinery and equipment that it houses or supports that the building or structural component can be expected to be replaced when the machinery and equipment are replaced. Heating and air-conditioning systems are not industrial machinery and equipment unless the sole justification for their installation is to meet the requirements of the production process, even though the system may provide incidental comfort to employees or serve, to an insubstantial degree, nonproduction activities. The term includes parts and accessories only to the extent that the exemption thereof is consistent with the provisions of this paragraph.
b. “Productive output” means the number of units actually produced by a single plant, operation, or product line in a single continuous 12-month period, irrespective of sales. Increases in productive output shall be measured by the output for 12 continuous months selected by the expanding business after completion of the installation of such machinery or equipment over the output for the 12 continuous months immediately preceding such installation. However, in no case may such time period begin later than 2 years after completion of the installation of the new machinery and equipment. The units used to measure productive output shall be physically comparable between the two periods, irrespective of sales.
2(c) Machinery and equipment used in production of electrical or steam energy.—
1. The purchase of machinery and equipment for use at a fixed location which machinery and equipment are necessary in the production of electrical or steam energy resulting from the burning of hydrogen or boiler fuels other than residual oil is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. Such electrical or steam energy must be primarily for use in manufacturing, processing, compounding, or producing for sale items of tangible personal property in this state. Use of a de minimis amount of residual fuel to facilitate the burning of nonresidual fuel shall not reduce the exemption otherwise available under this paragraph.
2. In facilities where machinery and equipment are necessary to burn hydrogen, or both residual and nonresidual fuels, the exemption shall be prorated. Such proration shall be based upon the production of electrical or steam energy from nonresidual fuels and hydrogen as a percentage of electrical or steam energy from all fuels. If it is determined that 15 percent or less of all electrical or steam energy generated was produced by burning residual fuel, the full exemption shall apply. Purchasers claiming a partial exemption shall obtain such exemption by refund of taxes paid, or as otherwise provided in the department’s rules.
3. The department may adopt rules that provide for implementation of this exemption. Purchasers of machinery and equipment qualifying for the exemption provided in this paragraph shall furnish the vendor with an affidavit stating that the item or items to be exempted are for the use designated herein. Any person furnishing a false affidavit to the vendor for the purpose of evading payment of any tax imposed under this chapter shall be subject to the penalty set forth in s. 212.085 and as otherwise provided by law. Purchasers with self-accrual authority shall maintain all documentation necessary to prove the exempt status of purchases.
(d) Machinery and equipment used under federal procurement contract.—
1. Industrial machinery and equipment purchased by an expanding business which manufactures tangible personal property pursuant to federal procurement regulations at fixed locations in this state are exempt from the tax imposed in this chapter upon an affirmative showing by the taxpayer to the satisfaction of the department that such items are used to increase the implicit productive output of the expanded business by not less than 10 percent. The percentage of increase is measured as deflated implicit productive output for the calendar year during which the installation of the machinery or equipment is completed or during which commencement of production utilizing such items is begun divided by the implicit productive output for the preceding calendar year. In no case may the commencement of production begin later than 2 years following completion of installation of the machinery or equipment.
2. The amount of the exemption allowed shall equal the taxes otherwise imposed by this chapter on qualifying industrial machinery or equipment reduced by the percentage of gross receipts from cost-reimbursement type contracts attributable to the plant or operation to total gross receipts so attributable, accrued for the year of completion or commencement.
3. The exemption provided by this paragraph shall inure to the taxpayer only through refund of previously paid taxes. Such refund shall be made within 30 days of formal approval by the department of the taxpayer’s application, which application may be made on an annual basis following installation of the machinery or equipment.
4. For the purposes of this paragraph, the term:
a. “Cost-reimbursement type contracts” has the same meaning as in 432 C.F.R. s. 3-405.
b. “Deflated implicit productive output” means the product of implicit productive output times the quotient of the national defense implicit price deflator for the preceding calendar year divided by the deflator for the year of completion or commencement.
c. “Eligible costs” means the total direct and indirect costs, as defined in 532 C.F.R. ss. 15-202 and 15-203, excluding general and administrative costs, selling expenses, and profit, defined by the uniform cost-accounting standards adopted by the Cost-Accounting Standards Board created pursuant to 650 U.S.C. s. 2168.
d. “Implicit productive output” means the annual eligible costs attributable to all contracts or subcontracts subject to federal procurement regulations of the single plant or operation at which the machinery or equipment is used.
e. “Industrial machinery and equipment” means tangible personal property or other property that has a depreciable life of 3 years or more, that qualifies as an eligible cost under federal procurement regulations, and that is used as an integral part of the process of production of tangible personal property. A building and its structural components are not industrial machinery and equipment unless the building or structural component is so closely related to the industrial machinery and equipment that it houses or supports that the building or structural component can be expected to be replaced when the machinery and equipment are replaced. Heating and air-conditioning systems are not industrial machinery and equipment unless the sole justification for their installation is to meet the requirements of the production process, even though the system may provide incidental comfort to employees or serve, to an insubstantial degree, nonproduction activities. The term includes parts and accessories only to the extent that the exemption of such parts and accessories is consistent with the provisions of this paragraph.
f. “National defense implicit price deflator” means the national defense implicit price deflator for the gross national product as determined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the United States Department of Commerce.
5. The exclusions provided in subparagraph (b)5. apply to this exemption. This exemption applies only to machinery or equipment purchased pursuant to production contracts with the United States Department of Defense and Armed Forces, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other federal agencies for which the contracts are classified for national security reasons. In no event shall the provisions of this paragraph apply to any expanding business the increase in productive output of which could be measured under the provisions of sub-subparagraph (b)6.b. as physically comparable between the two periods.
(e) Gas or electricity used for certain agricultural purposes.—
1. Butane gas, propane gas, natural gas, and all other forms of liquefied petroleum gases are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter if used in any tractor, vehicle, or other farm equipment which is used exclusively on a farm or for processing farm products on the farm and no part of which gas is used in any vehicle or equipment driven or operated on the public highways of this state, or if used in any tractor, vehicle, or other farm equipment that is used directly or indirectly for the production, packing, or processing of aquacultural products as defined in s. 597.0015. This restriction does not apply to the movement of farm vehicles or farm equipment between farms. The transporting of bees by water and the operating of equipment used in the apiary of a beekeeper is also deemed an exempt use.
2. Electricity used directly or indirectly for production, packing, or processing of agricultural products on the farm, inclusive of the raising of aquaculture products as defined in s. 597.0015, or used directly or indirectly in a packinghouse, is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. As used in this subsection, the term “packinghouse” means any building or structure where fruits, vegetables, or meat from cattle or hogs or fish is packed or otherwise prepared for market or shipment in fresh form for wholesale distribution. The exemption does not apply to electricity used in buildings or structures where agricultural products are sold at retail. This exemption applies only if the electricity used for the exempt purposes is separately metered. If the electricity is not separately metered, it is conclusively presumed that some portion of the electricity is used for a nonexempt purpose, and all of the electricity used for such purposes is taxable. For purposes of this subparagraph, the term “fish” means any of the numerous cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces, characteristically having fins, gills, and a streamlined body, which are raised through aquaculture.
(f) Motion picture or video equipment used in motion picture or television production activities and sound recording equipment used in the production of master tapes and master records.—
1. Motion picture or video equipment and sound recording equipment purchased or leased for use in this state in production activities is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. The exemption provided by this paragraph shall inure to the taxpayer upon presentation of the certificate of exemption issued to the taxpayer under the provisions of s. 288.1258.
2. For the purpose of the exemption provided in subparagraph 1.:
a. “Motion picture or video equipment” and “sound recording equipment” includes only tangible personal property or other property that has a depreciable life of 3 years or more and that is used by the lessee or purchaser exclusively as an integral part of production activities; however, motion picture or video equipment and sound recording equipment does not include supplies, tape, records, film, or video tape used in productions or other similar items; vehicles or vessels; or general office equipment not specifically suited to production activities. In addition, the term does not include equipment purchased or leased by television or radio broadcasting or cable companies licensed by the Federal Communications Commission. Furthermore, a building and its structural components are not motion picture or video equipment and sound recording equipment unless the building or structural component is so closely related to the motion picture or video equipment and sound recording equipment that it houses or supports that the building or structural component can be expected to be replaced when the motion picture or video equipment and sound recording equipment are replaced. Heating and air-conditioning systems are not motion picture or video equipment and sound recording equipment unless the sole justification for their installation is to meet the requirements of the production activities, even though the system may provide incidental comfort to employees or serve, to an insubstantial degree, nonproduction activities.
b. “Production activities” means activities directed toward the preparation of a:
(I) Master tape or master record embodying sound; or
(II) Motion picture or television production which is produced for theatrical, commercial, advertising, or educational purposes and utilizes live or animated actions or a combination of live and animated actions. The motion picture or television production shall be commercially produced for sale or for showing on screens or broadcasting on television and may be on film or video tape.
(g) Building materials used in the rehabilitation of real property located in an enterprise zone.—
1. Building materials used in the rehabilitation of real property located in an enterprise zone are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter upon an affirmative showing to the satisfaction of the department that the items have been used for the rehabilitation of real property located in an enterprise zone. Except as provided in subparagraph 2., this exemption inures to the owner, lessee, or lessor at the time the real property is rehabilitated, but only through a refund of previously paid taxes. To receive a refund pursuant to this paragraph, the owner, lessee, or lessor of the rehabilitated real property must file an application under oath with the governing body or enterprise zone development agency having jurisdiction over the enterprise zone where the business is located, as applicable. A single application for a refund may be submitted for multiple, contiguous parcels that were part of a single parcel that was divided as part of the rehabilitation of the property. All other requirements of this paragraph apply to each parcel on an individual basis. The application must include:
a. The name and address of the person claiming the refund.
b. An address and assessment roll parcel number of the rehabilitated real property for which a refund of previously paid taxes is being sought.
c. A description of the improvements made to accomplish the rehabilitation of the real property.
d. A copy of a valid building permit issued by the county or municipal building department for the rehabilitation of the real property.
e. A sworn statement, under penalty of perjury, from the general contractor licensed in this state with whom the applicant contracted to make the improvements necessary to rehabilitate the real property, which lists the building materials used to rehabilitate the real property, the actual cost of the building materials, and the amount of sales tax paid in this state on the building materials. If a general contractor was not used, the applicant, not a general contractor, shall make the sworn statement required by this sub-subparagraph. Copies of the invoices that evidence the purchase of the building materials used in the rehabilitation and the payment of sales tax on the building materials must be attached to the sworn statement provided by the general contractor or by the applicant. Unless the actual cost of building materials used in the rehabilitation of real property and the payment of sales taxes is documented by a general contractor or by the applicant in this manner, the cost of the building materials is deemed to be an amount equal to 40 percent of the increase in assessed value for ad valorem tax purposes.
f. The identifying number assigned pursuant to s. 290.0065 to the enterprise zone in which the rehabilitated real property is located.
g. A certification by the local building code inspector that the improvements necessary to rehabilitate the real property are substantially completed.
h. A statement of whether the business is a small business as defined by s. 288.703.
i. If applicable, the name and address of each permanent employee of the business, including, for each employee who is a resident of an enterprise zone, the identifying number assigned pursuant to s. 290.0065 to the enterprise zone in which the employee resides.
2. This exemption inures to a municipality, county, other governmental unit or agency, or nonprofit community-based organization through a refund of previously paid taxes if the building materials used in the rehabilitation are paid for from the funds of a community development block grant, State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program, or similar grant or loan program. To receive a refund, a municipality, county, other governmental unit or agency, or nonprofit community-based organization must file an application that includes the same information required in subparagraph 1. In addition, the application must include a sworn statement signed by the chief executive officer of the municipality, county, other governmental unit or agency, or nonprofit community-based organization seeking a refund which states that the building materials for which a refund is sought were funded by a community development block grant, State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program, or similar grant or loan program.
3. Within 10 working days after receipt of an application, the governing body or enterprise zone development agency shall review the application to determine if it contains all the information required by subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2. and meets the criteria set out in this paragraph. The governing body or agency shall certify all applications that contain the required information and are eligible to receive a refund. If applicable, the governing body or agency shall also certify if 20 percent of the employees of the business are residents of an enterprise zone, excluding temporary and part-time employees. The certification must be in writing, and a copy of the certification shall be transmitted to the executive director of the department. The applicant is responsible for forwarding a certified application to the department within the time specified in subparagraph 4.
4. An application for a refund must be submitted to the department within 6 months after the rehabilitation of the property is deemed to be substantially completed by the local building code inspector or by November 1 after the rehabilitated property is first subject to assessment.
5. Only one exemption through a refund of previously paid taxes for the rehabilitation of real property is permitted for any single parcel of property unless there is a change in ownership, a new lessor, or a new lessee of the real property. A refund may not be granted unless the amount to be refunded exceeds $500. A refund may not exceed the lesser of 97 percent of the Florida sales or use tax paid on the cost of the building materials used in the rehabilitation of the real property as determined pursuant to sub-subparagraph 1.e. or $5,000, or, if at least 20 percent of the employees of the business are residents of an enterprise zone, excluding temporary and part-time employees, the amount of refund may not exceed the lesser of 97 percent of the sales tax paid on the cost of the building materials or $10,000. A refund shall be made within 30 days after formal approval by the department of the application for the refund.
6. The department shall adopt rules governing the manner and form of refund applications and may establish guidelines as to the requisites for an affirmative showing of qualification for exemption under this paragraph.
7. The department shall deduct an amount equal to 10 percent of each refund granted under this paragraph from the amount transferred into the Local Government Half-cent Sales Tax Clearing Trust Fund pursuant to s. 212.20 for the county area in which the rehabilitated real property is located and shall transfer that amount to the General Revenue Fund.
8. For the purposes of the exemption provided in this paragraph, the term:
a. “Building materials” means tangible personal property that becomes a component part of improvements to real property.
b. “Real property” has the same meaning as provided in s. 192.001(12), except that the term does not include a condominium parcel or condominium property as defined in s. 718.103.
c. “Rehabilitation of real property” means the reconstruction, renovation, restoration, rehabilitation, construction, or expansion of improvements to real property.
d. “Substantially completed” has the same meaning as provided in s. 192.042(1).
9. This paragraph expires on the date specified in s. 290.016 for the expiration of the Florida Enterprise Zone Act.
(h) Business property used in an enterprise zone.—
1. Business property purchased for use by businesses located in an enterprise zone which is subsequently used in an enterprise zone shall be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. This exemption inures to the business only through a refund of previously paid taxes. A refund shall be authorized upon an affirmative showing by the taxpayer to the satisfaction of the department that the requirements of this paragraph have been met.
2. To receive a refund, the business must file under oath with the governing body or enterprise zone development agency having jurisdiction over the enterprise zone where the business is located, as applicable, an application which includes:
a. The name and address of the business claiming the refund.
b. The identifying number assigned pursuant to s. 290.0065 to the enterprise zone in which the business is located.
c. A specific description of the property for which a refund is sought, including its serial number or other permanent identification number.
d. The location of the property.
e. The sales invoice or other proof of purchase of the property, showing the amount of sales tax paid, the date of purchase, and the name and address of the sales tax dealer from whom the property was purchased.
f. Whether the business is a small business as defined by s. 288.703.
g. If applicable, the name and address of each permanent employee of the business, including, for each employee who is a resident of an enterprise zone, the identifying number assigned pursuant to s. 290.0065 to the enterprise zone in which the employee resides.
3. Within 10 working days after receipt of an application, the governing body or enterprise zone development agency shall review the application to determine if it contains all the information required pursuant to subparagraph 2. and meets the criteria set out in this paragraph. The governing body or agency shall certify all applications that contain the information required pursuant to subparagraph 2. and meet the criteria set out in this paragraph as eligible to receive a refund. If applicable, the governing body or agency shall also certify if 20 percent of the employees of the business are residents of an enterprise zone, excluding temporary and part-time employees. The certification shall be in writing, and a copy of the certification shall be transmitted to the executive director of the Department of Revenue. The business shall be responsible for forwarding a certified application to the department within the time specified in subparagraph 4.
4. An application for a refund pursuant to this paragraph must be submitted to the department within 6 months after the tax is due on the business property that is purchased.
5. The amount refunded on purchases of business property under this paragraph shall be the lesser of 97 percent of the sales tax paid on such business property or $5,000, or, if no less than 20 percent of the employees of the business are residents of an enterprise zone, excluding temporary and part-time employees, the amount refunded on purchases of business property under this paragraph shall be the lesser of 97 percent of the sales tax paid on such business property or $10,000. A refund approved pursuant to this paragraph shall be made within 30 days after formal approval by the department of the application for the refund. A refund may not be granted under this paragraph unless the amount to be refunded exceeds $100 in sales tax paid on purchases made within a 60-day time period.
6. The department shall adopt rules governing the manner and form of refund applications and may establish guidelines as to the requisites for an affirmative showing of qualification for exemption under this paragraph.
7. If the department determines that the business property is used outside an enterprise zone within 3 years from the date of purchase, the amount of taxes refunded to the business purchasing such business property shall immediately be due and payable to the department by the business, together with the appropriate interest and penalty, computed from the date of purchase, in the manner provided by this chapter. Notwithstanding this subparagraph, business property used exclusively in:
a. Licensed commercial fishing vessels,
b. Fishing guide boats, or
c. Ecotourism guide boats
that leave and return to a fixed location within an area designated under s. 379.2353, Florida Statutes 2010, are eligible for the exemption provided under this paragraph if all requirements of this paragraph are met. Such vessels and boats must be owned by a business that is eligible to receive the exemption provided under this paragraph. This exemption does not apply to the purchase of a vessel or boat.

8. The department shall deduct an amount equal to 10 percent of each refund granted under this paragraph from the amount transferred into the Local Government Half-cent Sales Tax Clearing Trust Fund pursuant to s. 212.20 for the county area in which the business property is located and shall transfer that amount to the General Revenue Fund.
9. For the purposes of this exemption, “business property” means new or used property defined as “recovery property” in 7s. 168(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, except:
a. Property classified as 3-year property under 8s. 168(c)(2)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended;
b. Industrial machinery and equipment as defined in sub-subparagraph (b)6.a. and eligible for exemption under paragraph (b);
c. Building materials as defined in sub-subparagraph (g)8.a.; and
d. Business property having a sales price of under $5,000 per unit.
10. This paragraph expires on the date specified in s. 290.016 for the expiration of the Florida Enterprise Zone Act.
(i) Aircraft modification services.—There shall be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter all charges for aircraft modification services, including parts and equipment furnished or installed in connection therewith, performed under authority of a supplemental type certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Administration.
(j) Machinery and equipment used in semiconductor, defense, or space technology production.—
1.a. Industrial machinery and equipment used in semiconductor technology facilities certified under subparagraph 5. to manufacture, process, compound, or produce semiconductor technology products for sale or for use by these facilities are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. For purposes of this paragraph, industrial machinery and equipment includes molds, dies, machine tooling, other appurtenances or accessories to machinery and equipment, testing equipment, test beds, computers, and software, whether purchased or self-fabricated, and, if self-fabricated, includes materials and labor for design, fabrication, and assembly.
b. Industrial machinery and equipment used in defense or space technology facilities certified under subparagraph 5. to design, manufacture, assemble, process, compound, or produce defense technology products or space technology products for sale or for use by these facilities are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
2. Building materials purchased for use in manufacturing or expanding clean rooms in semiconductor-manufacturing facilities are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
3. In addition to meeting the criteria mandated by subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2., a business must be certified by the Department of Commerce in order to qualify for exemption under this paragraph.
4. For items purchased tax-exempt pursuant to this paragraph, possession of a written certification from the purchaser, certifying the purchaser’s entitlement to the exemption, relieves the seller of the responsibility of collecting the tax on the sale of such items, and the department shall look solely to the purchaser for recovery of the tax if it determines that the purchaser was not entitled to the exemption.
5.a. To be eligible to receive the exemption provided by subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2., a qualifying business entity shall initially apply to the Department of Commerce. The original certification is valid for a period of 2 years. In lieu of submitting a new application, the original certification may be renewed biennially by submitting to the Department of Commerce a statement, certified under oath, that there has not been a material change in the conditions or circumstances entitling the business entity to the original certification. The initial application and the certification renewal statement shall be developed by the Department of Commerce.
b. The Division of Economic Development of the Department of Commerce shall review each submitted initial application and determine whether or not the application is complete within 5 working days. Once complete, the division shall, within 10 working days, evaluate the application and recommend approval or disapproval to the Department of Commerce.
c. Upon receipt of the initial application and recommendation from the division or upon receipt of a certification renewal statement, the Department of Commerce shall certify within 5 working days those applicants who are found to meet the requirements of this section and notify the applicant of the original certification or certification renewal. If the Department of Commerce finds that the applicant does not meet the requirements, it shall notify the applicant within 10 working days that the application for certification has been denied and the reasons for denial. The Department of Commerce has final approval authority for certification under this section.
d. The initial application and certification renewal statement must indicate, for program evaluation purposes only, the average number of full-time equivalent employees at the facility over the preceding calendar year, the average wage and benefits paid to those employees over the preceding calendar year, the total investment made in real and tangible personal property over the preceding calendar year, and the total value of tax-exempt purchases and taxes exempted during the previous year. The department shall assist the Department of Commerce in evaluating and verifying information provided in the application for exemption.
e. The Department of Commerce may use the information reported on the initial application and certification renewal statement for evaluation purposes only.
6. A business certified to receive this exemption may elect to designate one or more state universities or community colleges as recipients of up to 100 percent of the amount of the exemption. To receive these funds, the institution must agree to match the funds with equivalent cash, programs, services, or other in-kind support on a one-to-one basis for research and development projects requested by the certified business. The rights to any patents, royalties, or real or intellectual property must be vested in the business unless otherwise agreed to by the business and the university or community college.
7. As used in this paragraph, the term:
a. “Semiconductor technology products” means raw semiconductor wafers or semiconductor thin films that are transformed into semiconductor memory or logic wafers, including wafers containing mixed memory and logic circuits; related assembly and test operations; active-matrix flat panel displays; semiconductor chips; semiconductor lasers; optoelectronic elements; and related semiconductor technology products as determined by the Department of Commerce.
b. “Clean rooms” means manufacturing facilities enclosed in a manner that meets the clean manufacturing requirements necessary for high-technology semiconductor-manufacturing environments.
c. “Defense technology products” means products that have a military application, including, but not limited to, weapons, weapons systems, guidance systems, surveillance systems, communications or information systems, munitions, aircraft, vessels, or boats, or components thereof, which are intended for military use and manufactured in performance of a contract with the United States Department of Defense or the military branch of a recognized foreign government or a subcontract thereunder which relates to matters of national defense.
d. “Space technology products” means products that are specifically designed or manufactured for application in space activities, including, but not limited to, space launch vehicles, space flight vehicles, missiles, satellites or research payloads, avionics, and associated control systems and processing systems and components of any of the foregoing. The term does not include products that are designed or manufactured for general commercial aviation or other uses even though those products may also serve an incidental use in space applications.
(k) Samples.—Paint color card samples, flooring and wall samples, fabric swatch samples, window covering samples, and similar samples, when such samples serve no useful purpose other than as a comparison of color, texture, or design; are provided by the manufacturer to a dealer or ultimate consumer for no charge; and are given away by the dealer to the ultimate consumer for no charge, are exempt.
(l) Growth enhancers or performance enhancers for cattle.—There is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter the sale of performance-enhancing or growth-enhancing products for cattle.
(m) Educational materials purchased by certain child care facilities.—Educational materials, such as glue, paper, paints, crayons, unique craft items, scissors, books, and educational toys, purchased by a child care facility that meets the standards delineated in s. 402.305, is licensed under s. 402.308, holds a current Gold Seal Quality Care designation pursuant to s. 1002.945, and provides basic health insurance to all employees are exempt from the taxes imposed by this chapter. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “basic health insurance” shall be defined and promulgated in rules developed jointly by the Department of Education, the Agency for Health Care Administration, and the Financial Services Commission.
(n) Materials for construction of single-family homes in certain areas.—
1. As used in this paragraph, the term:
a. “Building materials” means tangible personal property that becomes a component part of a qualified home.
b. “Qualified home” means a single-family home having an appraised value of no more than $160,000 which is located in an enterprise zone, empowerment zone, or Front Porch Florida Community and which is constructed and occupied by the owner thereof for residential purposes.
c. “Substantially completed” has the same meaning as provided in s. 192.042(1).
2. Building materials used in the construction of a qualified home and the costs of labor associated with the construction of a qualified home are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter upon an affirmative showing to the satisfaction of the department that the requirements of this paragraph have been met. This exemption inures to the owner through a refund of previously paid taxes. To receive this refund, the owner must file an application under oath with the department which includes:
a. The name and address of the owner.
b. The address and assessment roll parcel number of the home for which a refund is sought.
c. A copy of the building permit issued for the home.
d. A certification by the local building code inspector that the home is substantially completed.
e. A sworn statement, under penalty of perjury, from the general contractor licensed in this state with whom the owner contracted to construct the home, which statement lists the building materials used in the construction of the home and the actual cost thereof, the labor costs associated with such construction, and the amount of sales tax paid on these materials and labor costs. If a general contractor was not used, the owner shall provide this information in a sworn statement, under penalty of perjury. Copies of invoices evidencing payment of sales tax must be attached to the sworn statement.
f. A sworn statement, under penalty of perjury, from the owner affirming that he or she is occupying the home for residential purposes.
3. An application for a refund under this paragraph must be submitted to the department within 6 months after the date the home is deemed to be substantially completed by the local building code inspector. Within 30 working days after receipt of the application, the department shall determine if it meets the requirements of this paragraph. A refund approved pursuant to this paragraph shall be made within 30 days after formal approval of the application by the department.
4. The department shall establish by rule an application form and criteria for establishing eligibility for exemption under this paragraph.
5. The exemption shall apply to purchases of materials on or after July 1, 2000.
(o) Building materials in redevelopment projects.—
1. As used in this paragraph, the term:
a. “Building materials” means tangible personal property that becomes a component part of a housing project or a mixed-use project.
b. “Housing project” means the conversion of an existing manufacturing or industrial building to a housing unit which is in an urban high-crime area, an enterprise zone, an empowerment zone, a Front Porch Florida Community, a designated brownfield site for which a rehabilitation agreement with the Department of Environmental Protection or a local government delegated by the Department of Environmental Protection has been executed under s. 376.80 and any abutting real property parcel within a brownfield area, or an urban infill area; and in which the developer agrees to set aside at least 20 percent of the housing units in the project for low-income and moderate-income persons or the construction in a designated brownfield area of affordable housing for persons described in s. 420.0004(9), (11), (12), or (17) or in s. 159.603(7).
c. “Mixed-use project” means the conversion of an existing manufacturing or industrial building to mixed-use units that include artists’ studios, art and entertainment services, or other compatible uses. A mixed-use project must be located in an urban high-crime area, an enterprise zone, an empowerment zone, a Front Porch Florida Community, a designated brownfield site for which a rehabilitation agreement with the Department of Environmental Protection or a local government delegated by the Department of Environmental Protection has been executed under s. 376.80 and any abutting real property parcel within a brownfield area, or an urban infill area; and the developer must agree to set aside at least 20 percent of the square footage of the project for low-income and moderate-income housing.
d. “Substantially completed” has the same meaning as provided in s. 192.042(1).
2. Building materials used in the construction of a housing project or mixed-use project are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter upon an affirmative showing to the satisfaction of the department that the requirements of this paragraph have been met. This exemption inures to the owner through a refund of previously paid taxes. To receive this refund, the owner must file an application under oath with the department which includes:
a. The name and address of the owner.
b. The address and assessment roll parcel number of the project for which a refund is sought.
c. A copy of the building permit issued for the project.
d. A certification by the local building code inspector that the project is substantially completed.
e. A sworn statement, under penalty of perjury, from the general contractor licensed in this state with whom the owner contracted to construct the project, which statement lists the building materials used in the construction of the project and the actual cost thereof, and the amount of sales tax paid on these materials. If a general contractor was not used, the owner shall provide this information in a sworn statement, under penalty of perjury. Copies of invoices evidencing payment of sales tax must be attached to the sworn statement.
3. An application for a refund under this paragraph must be submitted to the department within 6 months after the date the project is deemed to be substantially completed by the local building code inspector. Within 30 working days after receipt of the application, the department shall determine if it meets the requirements of this paragraph. A refund approved pursuant to this paragraph shall be made within 30 days after formal approval of the application by the department.
4. The department shall establish by rule an application form and criteria for establishing eligibility for exemption under this paragraph.
5. The exemption shall apply to purchases of materials on or after July 1, 2000.
9(p) Community contribution tax credit for donations.—
1. Authorization.—Persons who are registered with the department under s. 212.18 to collect or remit sales or use tax and who make donations to eligible sponsors are eligible for tax credits against their state sales and use tax liabilities as provided in this paragraph:
a. The credit shall be computed as 50 percent of the person’s approved annual community contribution.
b. The credit shall be granted as a refund against state sales and use taxes reported on returns and remitted in the 12 months preceding the date of application to the department for the credit as required in sub-subparagraph 3.c. If the annual credit is not fully used through such refund because of insufficient tax payments during the applicable 12-month period, the unused amount may be included in an application for a refund made pursuant to sub-subparagraph 3.c. in subsequent years against the total tax payments made for such year. Carryover credits may be applied for a 3-year period without regard to any time limitation that would otherwise apply under s. 215.26.
c. A person may not receive more than $200,000 in annual tax credits for all approved community contributions made in any one year.
d. All proposals for the granting of the tax credit require the prior approval of the Department of Commerce.
e. The total amount of tax credits which may be granted for all programs approved under this paragraph and ss. 220.183 and 624.5105 is $25 million in the 2023-2024 fiscal year and in each fiscal year thereafter for projects that provide housing opportunities for persons with special needs or homeownership opportunities for low-income households or very-low-income households and $4.5 million in the 2022-2023 fiscal year and in each fiscal year thereafter for all other projects. As used in this paragraph, the term “person with special needs” has the same meaning as in s. 420.0004 and the terms “low-income person,” “low-income household,” “very-low-income person,” and “very-low-income household” have the same meanings as in s. 420.9071.
f. A person who is eligible to receive the credit provided in this paragraph, s. 220.183, or s. 624.5105 may receive the credit only under one section of the person’s choice.
2. Eligibility requirements.—
a. A community contribution by a person must be in the following form:
(I) Cash or other liquid assets;
(II) Real property, including 100 percent ownership of a real property holding company;
(III) Goods or inventory; or
(IV) Other physical resources identified by the Department of Commerce.
For purposes of this sub-subparagraph, the term “real property holding company” means a Florida entity, such as a Florida limited liability company, that is wholly owned by the person; is the sole owner of real property, as defined in s. 192.001(12), located in this state; is disregarded as an entity for federal income tax purposes pursuant to 26 C.F.R. s. 301.7701-3(b)(1)(ii); and at the time of contribution to an eligible sponsor, has no material assets other than the real property and any other property that qualifies as a community contribution.

b. All community contributions must be reserved exclusively for use in a project. As used in this sub-subparagraph, the term “project” means activity undertaken by an eligible sponsor which is designed to construct, improve, or substantially rehabilitate housing that is affordable to low-income households or very-low-income households; designed to provide housing opportunities for persons with special needs; designed to provide commercial, industrial, or public resources and facilities; or designed to improve entrepreneurial and job-development opportunities for low-income persons. A project may be the investment necessary to increase access to high-speed broadband capability in a rural community that had an enterprise zone designated pursuant to chapter 290 as of May 1, 2015, including projects that result in improvements to communications assets that are owned by a business. A project may include the provision of museum educational programs and materials that are directly related to a project approved between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1999, and located in an area which was in an enterprise zone designated pursuant to s. 290.0065 as of May 1, 2015. This paragraph does not preclude projects that propose to construct or rehabilitate housing for low-income households or very-low-income households on scattered sites or housing opportunities for persons with special needs. With respect to housing, contributions may be used to pay the following eligible special needs, low-income, and very-low-income housing-related activities:
(I) Project development impact and management fees for special needs, low-income, or very-low-income housing projects;
(II) Down payment and closing costs for persons with special needs, low-income persons, and very-low-income persons;
(III) Administrative costs, including housing counseling and marketing fees, not to exceed 10 percent of the community contribution, directly related to special needs, low-income, or very-low-income projects; and
(IV) Removal of liens recorded against residential property by municipal, county, or special district local governments if satisfaction of the lien is a necessary precedent to the transfer of the property to a low-income person or very-low-income person for the purpose of promoting home ownership. Contributions for lien removal must be received from a nonrelated third party.
c. The project must be undertaken by an “eligible sponsor,” which includes:
(I) A community action program;
(II) A nonprofit community-based development organization whose mission is the provision of housing for persons with special needs, low-income households, or very-low-income households or increasing entrepreneurial and job-development opportunities for low-income persons;
(III) A neighborhood housing services corporation;
(IV) A local housing authority created under chapter 421;
(V) A community redevelopment agency created under s. 163.356;
(VI) A historic preservation district agency or organization;
(VII) A local workforce development board;
(VIII) A direct-support organization as provided in s. 1009.983;
(IX) An enterprise zone development agency created under s. 290.0056;
(X) A community-based organization incorporated under chapter 617 which is recognized as educational, charitable, or scientific pursuant to s. 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and whose bylaws and articles of incorporation include affordable housing, economic development, or community development as the primary mission of the corporation;
(XI) Units of local government;
(XII) Units of state government; or
(XIII) Any other agency that the Department of Commerce designates by rule.
A contributing person may not have a financial interest in the eligible sponsor.

d. The project must be located in an area which was in an enterprise zone designated pursuant to chapter 290 as of May 1, 2015, or a Front Porch Florida Community, unless the project increases access to high-speed broadband capability in a rural community that had an enterprise zone designated pursuant to chapter 290 as of May 1, 2015, but is physically located outside the designated rural zone boundaries. Any project designed to construct or rehabilitate housing for low-income households or very-low-income households or housing opportunities for persons with special needs is exempt from the area requirement of this sub-subparagraph.
e.(I) If, during the first 10 business days of the state fiscal year, eligible tax credit applications for projects that provide housing opportunities for persons with special needs or homeownership opportunities for low-income households or very-low-income households are received for less than the annual tax credits available for those projects, the Department of Commerce shall grant tax credits for those applications and grant remaining tax credits on a first-come, first-served basis for subsequent eligible applications received before the end of the state fiscal year. If, during the first 10 business days of the state fiscal year, eligible tax credit applications for projects that provide housing opportunities for persons with special needs or homeownership opportunities for low-income households or very-low-income households are received for more than the annual tax credits available for those projects, the Department of Commerce shall grant the tax credits for those applications as follows:
(A) If tax credit applications submitted for approved projects of an eligible sponsor do not exceed $200,000 in total, the credits shall be granted in full if the tax credit applications are approved.
(B) If tax credit applications submitted for approved projects of an eligible sponsor exceed $200,000 in total, the amount of tax credits granted pursuant to sub-sub-sub-subparagraph (A) shall be subtracted from the amount of available tax credits, and the remaining credits shall be granted to each approved tax credit application on a pro rata basis.
(II) If, during the first 10 business days of the state fiscal year, eligible tax credit applications for projects other than those that provide housing opportunities for persons with special needs or homeownership opportunities for low-income households or very-low-income households are received for less than the annual tax credits available for those projects, the Department of Commerce shall grant tax credits for those applications and shall grant remaining tax credits on a first-come, first-served basis for subsequent eligible applications received before the end of the state fiscal year. If, during the first 10 business days of the state fiscal year, eligible tax credit applications for projects other than those that provide housing opportunities for persons with special needs or homeownership opportunities for low-income households or very-low-income households are received for more than the annual tax credits available for those projects, the Department of Commerce shall grant the tax credits for those applications on a pro rata basis.
3. Application requirements.—
a. An eligible sponsor seeking to participate in this program must submit a proposal to the Department of Commerce which sets forth the name of the sponsor, a description of the project, and the area in which the project is located, together with such supporting information as is prescribed by rule. The proposal must also contain a resolution from the local governmental unit in which the project is located certifying that the project is consistent with local plans and regulations.
b. A person seeking to participate in this program must submit an application for tax credit to the Department of Commerce which sets forth the name of the sponsor; a description of the project; and the type, value, and purpose of the contribution. The sponsor shall verify, in writing, the terms of the application and indicate its receipt of the contribution, and such verification must accompany the application for tax credit. The person must submit a separate tax credit application to the Department of Commerce for each individual contribution that it makes to each individual project.
c. A person who has received notification from the Department of Commerce that a tax credit has been approved must apply to the department to receive the refund. Application must be made on the form prescribed for claiming refunds of sales and use taxes and be accompanied by a copy of the notification. A person may submit only one application for refund to the department within a 12-month period.
4. Administration.—
a. The Department of Commerce may adopt rules necessary to administer this paragraph, including rules for the approval or disapproval of proposals by a person.
b. The decision of the Department of Commerce must be in writing, and, if approved, the notification shall state the maximum credit allowable to the person. Upon approval, the Department of Commerce shall transmit a copy of the decision to the department.
c. The Department of Commerce shall periodically monitor all projects in a manner consistent with available resources to ensure that resources are used in accordance with this paragraph; however, each project must be reviewed at least once every 2 years.
d. The Department of Commerce shall, in consultation with the statewide and regional housing and financial intermediaries, market the availability of the community contribution tax credit program to community-based organizations.
(q) Building materials, the rental of tangible personal property, and pest control services used in new construction located in a rural area of opportunity.—
1. As used in this paragraph, the term:
a. “Building materials” means tangible personal property that becomes a component part of improvements to real property.
b. “Exempt goods and services” means building materials, the rental of tangible personal property, and pest control services used in new construction.
c. “New construction” means improvements to real property which did not previously exist. The term does not include the reconstruction, renovation, restoration, rehabilitation, modification, alteration, or expansion of buildings already located on the parcel on which the new construction is built.
d. “Pest control” has the same meaning as in s. 482.021.
e. “Real property” has the same meaning as provided in s. 192.001, but does not include a condominium parcel or condominium property as defined in s. 718.103.
f. “Substantially completed” has the same meaning as in s. 192.042(1).
2. Building materials, the rental of tangible personal property, and pest control services used in new construction located in a rural area of opportunity, as designated by the Governor pursuant to s. 288.0656, are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter if an owner, lessee, or lessor can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the requirements of this paragraph have been met. Except as provided in subparagraph 3., this exemption inures to the owner, lessee, or lessor at the time the new construction occurs, but only through a refund of previously paid taxes. To receive a refund pursuant to this paragraph, the owner, lessee, or lessor of the new construction must file an application under oath with the Department of Commerce. The application must include all of the following:
a. The name and address of the person claiming the refund.
b. An address and assessment roll parcel number of the real property that was improved by the new construction for which a refund of previously paid taxes is being sought.
c. A description of the new construction.
d. A copy of a valid building permit issued by the county or municipal building department for the new construction.
e. A sworn statement, under penalty of perjury, from the general contractor licensed in this state with whom the applicant contracted to build the new construction, which specifies the exempt goods and services, the actual cost of the exempt goods and services, and the amount of sales tax paid in this state on the exempt goods and services, and which states that the improvement to the real property was new construction. If a general contractor was not used, the applicant shall make the sworn statement required by this sub-subparagraph. Copies of the invoices evidencing the actual cost of the exempt goods and services and the amount of sales tax paid on such goods and services must be attached to the sworn statement provided by the general contractor or by the applicant. If copies of such invoices are not attached, the cost of the exempt goods and services is deemed to be an amount equal to 40 percent of the increase in assessed value of the property for ad valorem tax purposes.
f. A certification by the local building code inspector that the new construction is substantially completed and is new construction.
3. The exemption under this paragraph inures to a municipality, county, other governmental unit or agency, or nonprofit community-based organization through a refund of previously paid taxes if the exempt goods and services are paid for from the funds of a community development block grant, the State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program, or a similar grant or loan program. To receive a refund, a municipality, county, other governmental unit or agency, or nonprofit community-based organization must file an application that includes the same information required under subparagraph 2. In addition, the application must include a sworn statement signed by the chief executive officer of the municipality, county, other governmental unit or agency, or nonprofit community-based organization seeking a refund which states that the exempt goods and services for which a refund is sought were funded by a community development block grant, the State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program, or a similar grant or loan program.
4. Within 10 working days after receiving an application, the Department of Commerce shall review the application to determine whether it contains all of the information required by subparagraph 2. or subparagraph 3., as appropriate, and meets the criteria set out in this paragraph. The Department of Commerce shall certify all applications that contain the required information and are eligible to receive a refund. The certification must be in writing and a copy must be transmitted by the Department of Commerce to the executive director of the department. The applicant is responsible for forwarding a certified application to the department within the period specified in subparagraph 5.
5. An application for a refund must be submitted to the department within 6 months after the new construction is deemed to be substantially completed by the local building code inspector or by November 1 after the improved property is first subject to assessment.
6. Only one exemption through a refund of previously paid taxes for the new construction may be claimed for any single parcel of property unless there is a change in ownership, a new lessor, or a new lessee of the real property. A refund may not be granted unless the amount to be refunded exceeds $500. A refund may not exceed the lesser of 97.5 percent of the Florida sales or use tax paid on the cost of the exempt goods and services as determined pursuant to sub-subparagraph 2.e. or $10,000. The department shall issue a refund within 30 days after it formally approves a refund application.
7. The department shall deduct 10 percent of each refund amount granted under this paragraph from the amount transferred into the Local Government Half-cent Sales Tax Clearing Trust Fund pursuant to s. 212.20 for the county area in which the new construction is located and shall transfer that amount to the General Revenue Fund.
8. The department may adopt rules governing the manner and format of refund applications and may establish guidelines as to the requisites for an affirmative showing of qualification for exemption under this paragraph.
9. This exemption does not apply to improvements for which construction began before July 1, 2017.
(r) Data center property.—
1. As used in this paragraph, the term:
a. “Critical IT load” means that portion of electric power capacity, expressed in terms of megawatts, which is reserved solely for owners or tenants of a data center to operate their computer server equipment. The term does not include any ancillary load for cooling, lighting, common areas, or other equipment.
b. “Cumulative capital investment” means the combined total of all expenses incurred by the owners or tenants of a data center after July 1, 2017, in connection with acquiring, constructing, installing, equipping, or expanding the data center. However, the term does not include any expenses incurred in the acquisition of improved real property operating as a data center at the time of acquisition or within 6 months before the acquisition.
c. “Data center” means a facility that:
(I) Consists of one or more contiguous parcels in this state, along with the buildings, substations and other infrastructure, fixtures, and personal property located on the parcels;
(II) Is used exclusively to house and operate equipment that receives, stores, aggregates, manages, processes, transforms, retrieves, researches, or transmits data; or that is necessary for the proper operation of equipment that receives, stores, aggregates, manages, processes, transforms, retrieves, researches, or transmits data;
(III) Has a critical IT load of 15 megawatts or higher, and a critical IT load of 1 megawatt or higher dedicated to each individual owner or tenant within the data center; and
(IV) Is constructed on or after July 1, 2017.
d. “Data center property” means property used exclusively at a data center to construct, outfit, operate, support, power, cool, dehumidify, secure, or protect a data center and any contiguous dedicated substations. The term includes, but is not limited to, construction materials, component parts, machinery, equipment, computers, servers, installations, redundancies, and operating or enabling software, including any replacements, updates and new versions, and upgrades to or for such property, regardless of whether the property is a fixture or is otherwise affixed to or incorporated into real property. The term also includes electricity used exclusively at a data center.
2. Data center property is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter, except for the tax imposed by s. 212.031. To be eligible for the exemption provided by this paragraph, the data center’s owners and tenants must make a cumulative capital investment of $150 million or more for the data center and the data center must have a critical IT load of 15 megawatts or higher and a critical IT load of 1 megawatt or higher dedicated to each individual owner or tenant within the data center. Each of these requirements must be satisfied no later than 5 years after the commencement of construction of the data center.
3.a. To receive the exemption provided by this paragraph, the person seeking the exemption must apply to the department for a temporary tax exemption certificate. The application must state that a qualifying data center designation is being sought and provide information that the requirements of subparagraph 2. will be met. Upon a tentative determination by the department that the data center will meet the requirements of subparagraph 2., the department must issue the certificate.
b.(I) The certificateholder shall maintain all necessary books and records to support the exemption provided by this paragraph. Upon satisfaction of all requirements of subparagraph 2., the certificateholder must deliver the temporary tax certificate to the department together with documentation sufficient to show the satisfaction of the requirements. Such documentation must include written declarations, pursuant to s. 92.525, from:
(A) A professional engineer, licensed pursuant to chapter 471, certifying that the critical IT load requirement set forth in subparagraph 2. has been satisfied at the data center; and
(B) A Florida certified public accountant, as defined in s. 473.302, certifying that the cumulative capital investment requirement set forth in subparagraph 2. has been satisfied for the data center.
The professional engineer and the Florida certified public accountant may not be professionally related with the data center’s owners, tenants, or contractors, except that they may be retained by a data center owner to certify that the requirements of subparagraph 2. have been met.

(II) If the department determines that the subparagraph 2. requirements have been satisfied, the department must issue a permanent tax exemption certificate.
(III) Notwithstanding s. 212.084(4), the permanent tax exemption certificate remains valid and effective for as long as the data center described in the exemption application continues to operate as a data center as defined in subparagraph 1., with review by the department every 5 years to ensure compliance. As part of the review, the certificateholder shall, within 3 months before the end of any 5-year period, submit a written declaration, pursuant to s. 92.525, certifying that the critical IT load of 15 megawatts or higher and the critical IT load of 1 megawatt or higher dedicated to each individual owner or tenant within the data center required by subparagraph 2. continues to be met. All owners, tenants, contractors, and others purchasing exempt data center property shall maintain all necessary books and records to support the exemption as to those purchases.
(IV) Notwithstanding s. 213.053, the department may share information concerning a temporary or permanent data center exemption certificate among all owners, tenants, contractors, and others purchasing exempt data center property pursuant to such certificate.
c. If, in an audit conducted by the department, it is determined that the certificateholder or any owners, tenants, contractors, or others purchasing, renting, or leasing data center property do not meet the criteria of this paragraph, the amount of taxes exempted at the time of purchase, rental, or lease is immediately due and payable to the department from the purchaser, renter, or lessee of those particular items, together with the appropriate interest and penalty computed from the date of purchase in the manner prescribed by this chapter. Notwithstanding s. 95.091(3)(a), any tax due as provided in this sub-subparagraph may be assessed by the department within 6 years after the date the data center property was purchased.
d. Purchasers, lessees, and renters of data center property who qualify for the exemption provided by this paragraph shall obtain from the data center a copy of the tax exemption certificate issued pursuant to sub-subparagraph a. or sub-subparagraph b. Before or at the time of purchase of the item or items eligible for exemption, the purchaser, lessee, or renter shall provide to the seller a copy of the tax exemption certificate and a signed certificate of entitlement. Purchasers, lessees, and renters with self-accrual authority shall maintain all documentation necessary to prove the exempt status of purchases.
e. For any purchase, lease, or rental of property that is exempt pursuant to this paragraph, the possession of a copy of a tax exemption certificate issued pursuant to sub-subparagraph a. or sub-subparagraph b. and a signed certificate of entitlement relieves the seller of the responsibility of collecting the tax on the sale, lease, or rental of such property, and the department must look solely to the purchaser, renter, or lessee for recovery of the tax if it determines that the purchase, rental, or lease was not entitled to the exemption.
4. After June 30, 2027, the department may not issue a temporary tax exemption certificate pursuant to this paragraph.
(s) Machinery and equipment used in aquacultural activities.—
1. Industrial machinery and equipment purchased for use in aquacultural activities at fixed locations are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
2. As used in this paragraph, the term:
a. “Aquacultural activities” means the business of the cultivation of aquatic organisms and certification under s. 597.004. Aquacultural activities must produce an aquaculture product. For purposes of this sub-subparagraph, the term “aquaculture product” means aquatic organisms and any product derived from aquatic organisms that are owned and propagated, grown, or produced under controlled conditions. Such products do not include organisms harvested from the wild for depuration, wet storage, or relay for purification.
b. “Industrial machinery and equipment” means tangible personal property or other property that has a depreciable life of 3 years or more and that is used as an integral part in the manufacturing, processing, compounding, or production of tangible personal property for sale. The term includes a building and its structural components, including heating and air-conditioning systems. The term includes parts and accessories only to the extent that the exemption thereof is consistent with this paragraph.
(t) Items that assist in independent living.—
1. The following items, when purchased for noncommercial home or personal use, are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter:
a. A bed transfer handle selling for $60 or less.
b. A bed rail selling for $110 or less.
c. A grab bar selling for $100 or less.
d. A shower seat selling for $100 or less.
2. This exemption does not apply to a purchase made by a business, including, but not limited to, a medical institution or an assisted living facility.
10(u) Building materials used in construction of affordable housing units.—
1. As used in this paragraph, the term:
a. “Affordable housing development” means property that has units subject to an agreement with the Florida Housing Finance Corporation pursuant to chapter 420 recorded in the official records of the county in which the property is located to provide affordable housing to natural persons or families meeting the extremely-low-income, very-low-income, or low-income limits specified in s. 420.0004.
b. “Building materials” means tangible personal property that becomes a component part of eligible residential units in an affordable housing development. The term includes appliances and does not include plants, landscaping, fencing, and hardscaping.
c. “Eligible residential units” means newly constructed units within an affordable housing development which are restricted under the land use restriction agreement.
d. “Newly constructed” means improvements to real property which did not previously exist or the construction of a new improvement where an old improvement was removed. The term does not include the renovation, restoration, rehabilitation, modification, alteration, or expansion of buildings already located on the parcel on which the eligible residential unit is built.
e. “Real property” has the same meaning as provided in s. 192.001(12).
f. “Substantially completed” has the same meaning as in s. 192.042(1).
2. Building materials used in eligible residential units are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter if an owner demonstrates to the satisfaction of the department that the requirements of this paragraph have been met. Except as provided in subparagraph 3., this exemption inures to the owner at the time an eligible residential unit is substantially completed, but only through a refund of previously paid taxes. To receive a refund pursuant to this paragraph, the owner of the eligible residential units must file an application with the department. The application must include all of the following:
a. The name and address of the person claiming the refund.
b. An address and assessment roll parcel number of the real property that was improved for which a refund of previously paid taxes is being sought.
c. A description of the eligible residential units for which a refund of previously paid taxes is being sought, including the number of such units.
d. A copy of a valid building permit issued by the county or municipal building department for the eligible residential units.
e. A sworn statement, under penalty of perjury, from the general contractor licensed in this state with whom the owner contracted to build the eligible residential units which specifies the building materials, the actual cost of the building materials, and the amount of sales tax paid in this state on the building materials, and which states that the improvement to the real property was newly constructed. If a general contractor was not used, the owner must make the sworn statement required by this sub-subparagraph. Copies of the invoices evidencing the actual cost of the building materials and the amount of sales tax paid on such building materials must be attached to the sworn statement provided by the general contractor or by the owner. If copies of such invoices are not attached, the cost of the building materials is deemed to be an amount equal to 40 percent of the increase in the final assessed value of the eligible residential units for ad valorem tax purposes less the most recent assessed value of land for the units.
f. A certification by the local building code inspector that the eligible residential unit is substantially completed.
g. A copy of the land use restriction agreement with the Florida Housing Finance Corporation for the eligible residential units.
3. The exemption under this paragraph inures to a municipality, county, other governmental unit or agency, or nonprofit community-based organization through a refund of previously paid taxes if the building materials are paid for from the funds of a community development block grant, the State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program, or a similar grant or loan program. To receive a refund, a municipality, county, other governmental unit or agency, or nonprofit community-based organization must submit an application that includes the same information required under subparagraph 2. In addition, the applicant must include a sworn statement signed by the chief executive officer of the municipality, county, other governmental unit or agency, or nonprofit community-based organization seeking a refund which states that the building materials for which a refund is sought were funded by a community development block grant, the State Housing Initiatives Partnership Program, or a similar grant or loan program.
4. The person seeking a refund must submit an application for refund to the department within 6 months after the eligible residential unit is deemed to be substantially completed by the local building code inspector or by November 1 after the improved property is first subject to assessment.
5. Only one exemption through a refund of previously paid taxes may be claimed for any eligible residential unit. A refund may not be granted unless the amount to be refunded exceeds $500. A refund may not exceed the lesser of $5,000 or 97.5 percent of the Florida sales or use tax paid on the cost of building materials as determined pursuant to sub-subparagraph 2.e. The department shall issue a refund within 30 days after it formally approves a refund application.
6. The department may adopt rules governing the manner and format of refund applications and may establish guidelines as to the requisites for an affirmative showing of qualification for exemption under this paragraph.
7. This exemption under this paragraph applies to sales of building materials that occur on or after July 1, 2023.
11(v) Renewable natural gas machinery and equipment.—
1. As used in this paragraph, the term “renewable natural gas” means anaerobically generated biogas, landfill gas, or wastewater treatment gas refined to a methane content of 90 percent or greater, which may be used as transportation fuel or for electric generation or is of a quality capable of being injected into a natural gas pipeline. For purposes of this paragraph, any reference to natural gas includes renewable natural gas.
2. The purchase of machinery and equipment that is primarily used in the production, storage, transportation, compression, or blending of renewable natural gas and that is used at a fixed location is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
3. Purchasers of machinery and equipment qualifying for the exemption provided in this paragraph must furnish the vendor with an affidavit stating that the item or items to be exempted are for the use designated herein. Purchasers with self-accrual authority pursuant to s. 212.183 are not required to provide this affidavit, but shall maintain all documentation necessary to prove the exempt status of purchases.
4. A person furnishing a false affidavit to the vendor for the purpose of evading payment of the tax imposed under this chapter is subject to the penalty set forth in s. 212.085 and as otherwise provided by law.
5. The department may adopt rules to administer this paragraph.
(6) EXEMPTIONS; POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS.—
(a) There are also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter sales made to the United States Government, a state, or any county, municipality, or political subdivision of a state when payment is made directly to the dealer by the governmental entity. This exemption shall not inure to any transaction otherwise taxable under this chapter when payment is made by a government employee by any means, including, but not limited to, cash, check, or credit card when that employee is subsequently reimbursed by the governmental entity. This exemption does not include sales, rental, use, consumption, or storage for use in any political subdivision or municipality in this state of machines and equipment and parts and accessories therefor used in the generation, transmission, or distribution of electrical energy by systems owned and operated by a political subdivision in this state for transmission or distribution expansion. Likewise exempt are charges for services rendered by radio and television stations, including line charges, talent fees, or license fees and charges for films, videotapes, and transcriptions used in producing radio or television broadcasts. The exemption provided in this subsection does not include sales, rental, use, consumption, or storage for use in any political subdivision or municipality in this state of machines and equipment and parts and accessories therefor used in providing two-way telecommunications services to the public for hire by the use of a telecommunications facility, as defined in s. 364.02(14), and for which a certificate is required under chapter 364, which facility is owned and operated by any county, municipality, or other political subdivision of the state. Any immunity of any political subdivision of the state or other entity of local government from taxation of the property used to provide telecommunication services that is taxed as a result of this section is hereby waived. However, the exemption provided in this subsection includes transactions taxable under this chapter which are for use by the operator of a public-use airport, as defined in s. 332.004, in providing such telecommunications services for the airport or its tenants, concessionaires, or licensees, or which are for use by a public hospital for the provision of such telecommunications services.
(b) The exemption provided under this subsection does not include sales of tangible personal property made to contractors employed directly to or as agents of any such government or political subdivision when such tangible personal property goes into or becomes a part of public works owned by such government or political subdivision. A determination of whether a particular transaction is properly characterized as an exempt sale to a government entity or a taxable sale to a contractor shall be based upon the substance of the transaction rather than the form in which the transaction is cast. However, for sales of tangible personal property that go into or become a part of public works owned by a governmental entity, other than the Federal Government, a governmental entity claiming the exemption provided under this subsection shall certify to the dealer and the contractor the entity’s claim to the exemption by providing the dealer and the contractor a certificate of entitlement to the exemption for such sales. If the department later determines that such sales, in which the governmental entity provided the dealer and the contractor with a certificate of entitlement to the exemption, were not exempt sales to the governmental entity, the governmental entity shall be liable for any tax, penalty, and interest determined to be owed on such transactions. Possession by a dealer or contractor of a certificate of entitlement to the exemption from the governmental entity relieves the dealer from the responsibility of collecting tax on the sale and the contractor for any liability for tax, penalty, or interest related to the sale, and the department shall look solely to the governmental entity for recovery of tax, penalty, and interest if the department determines that the transaction was not an exempt sale to the governmental entity. The governmental entity may not transfer liability for such tax, penalty, and interest to another party by contract or agreement.
(c) The department shall adopt rules for determining whether a particular transaction is properly characterized as an exempt sale to a governmental entity or a taxable sale to a contractor which give special consideration to factors that govern the status of the tangible personal property before being affixed to real property. In developing such rules, assumption of the risk of damage or loss is of paramount consideration in the determination. The department shall also adopt, by rule, a certificate of entitlement to exemption for use as provided in paragraph (b). The certificate shall require the governmental entity to affirm that it will comply with the requirements of this subsection and the rules adopted under paragraph (b) in order to qualify for the exemption and that it acknowledges its liability for any tax, penalty, or interest later determined by the department to be owed on such transactions.
(d) For purposes of paragraph (a), the phrase “when payment is made directly to the dealer by the governmental entity” includes situations in which an entity under contract with a municipality to maintain and operate a municipally owned golf course pays for a purchase or lease for the operation or maintenance of that golf course using the golf course revenues or other funds provided by the municipality for use by that entity. This paragraph applies to a municipally owned golf course that is:
1. Located in a county with a population of at least 2 million residents.
2. The site upon which youth education programs are delivered on an ongoing basis by a nonprofit organization that is exempt from federal income tax under s. 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
(7) MISCELLANEOUS EXEMPTIONS.—Exemptions provided to any entity by this chapter do not inure to any transaction that is otherwise taxable under this chapter when payment is made by a representative or employee of the entity by any means, including, but not limited to, cash, check, or credit card, even when that representative or employee is subsequently reimbursed by the entity. In addition, exemptions provided to any entity by this subsection do not inure to any transaction that is otherwise taxable under this chapter unless the entity has obtained a sales tax exemption certificate from the department or the entity obtains or provides other documentation as required by the department. Eligible purchases or leases made with such a certificate must be in strict compliance with this subsection and departmental rules, and any person who makes an exempt purchase with a certificate that is not in strict compliance with this subsection and the rules is liable for and shall pay the tax. The department may adopt rules to administer this subsection.
(a) Artificial commemorative flowers.—Exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter is the sale of artificial commemorative flowers by bona fide nationally chartered veterans’ organizations.
2(b) Boiler fuels.—When purchased for use as a combustible fuel, purchases of natural gas, residual oil, recycled oil, waste oil, solid waste material, coal, sulfur, hydrogen, wood, wood residues or wood bark used in an industrial manufacturing, processing, compounding, or production process at a fixed location in this state are exempt from the taxes imposed by this chapter; however, such exemption shall not be allowed unless the purchaser signs a certificate stating that the fuel to be exempted is for the exclusive use designated herein. This exemption does not apply to the use of boiler fuels that are not used in manufacturing, processing, compounding, or producing items of tangible personal property for sale, or to the use of boiler fuels used by any firm subject to regulation by the Division of Hotels and Restaurants of the Department of Business and Professional Regulation.
(c) Crustacea bait.—Also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter is the purchase by commercial fishers of bait intended solely for use in the entrapment of Callinectes sapidus and Menippe mercenaria.
(d) Feeds.—Feeds for poultry, ostriches, and livestock, including racehorses and dairy cows, are exempt.
(e) Film rentals.—Film rentals are exempt when an admission is charged for viewing such film, and license fees and direct charges for films, videotapes, and transcriptions used by television or radio stations or networks are exempt.
(f) Flags.—Also exempt are sales of the flag of the United States and the official state flag of Florida.
(g) Florida Retired Educators Association and its local chapters.—Also exempt from payment of the tax imposed by this chapter are purchases of office supplies, equipment, and publications made by the Florida Retired Educators Association and its local chapters.
(h) Guide dogs for the blind.—Also exempt are the sale or rental of guide dogs for the blind, commonly referred to as “seeing-eye dogs,” and the sale of food or other items for such guide dogs.
1. The department shall issue a consumer’s certificate of exemption to any blind person who holds an identification card as provided for in s. 413.091 and who either owns or rents, or contemplates the ownership or rental of, a guide dog for the blind. The consumer’s certificate of exemption shall be issued without charge and shall be of such size as to be capable of being carried in a wallet or billfold.
2. The department shall make such rules concerning items exempt from tax under the provisions of this paragraph as may be necessary to provide that any person authorized to have a consumer’s certificate of exemption need only present such a certificate at the time of paying for exempt goods and shall not be required to pay any tax thereon.
(i) Hospital meals and rooms.—Also exempt from payment of the tax imposed by this chapter on rentals and meals are patients and inmates of any hospital or other physical plant or facility designed and operated primarily for the care of persons who are ill, aged, infirm, mentally or physically incapacitated, or otherwise dependent on special care or attention. Residents of a home for the aged are exempt from payment of taxes on meals provided through the facility. A home for the aged is defined as a facility that is licensed or certified in part or in whole under chapter 400, chapter 429, or chapter 651, or that is financed by a mortgage loan made or insured by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development under s. 202, s. 202 with a s. 8 subsidy, s. 221(d)(3) or (4), s. 232, or s. 236 of the National Housing Act, or other such similar facility designed and operated primarily for the care of the aged.
(j) Household fuels.—Also exempt from payment of the tax imposed by this chapter are sales of utilities to residential households or owners of residential models in this state by utility companies who pay the gross receipts tax imposed under s. 203.01, and sales of fuel to residential households or owners of residential models, including oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, coal, wood, and other fuel products used in the household or residential model for the purposes of heating, cooking, lighting, and refrigeration, regardless of whether such sales of utilities and fuels are separately metered and billed direct to the residents or are metered and billed to the landlord. If any part of the utility or fuel is used for a nonexempt purpose, the entire sale is taxable. The landlord shall provide a separate meter for nonexempt utility or fuel consumption. For the purposes of this paragraph, licensed family day care homes shall also be exempt.
(k) Meals provided by certain nonprofit organizations.—There is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter the sale of prepared meals by a nonprofit volunteer organization to handicapped, elderly, or indigent persons when such meals are delivered as a charitable function by the organization to such persons at their places of residence.
(l) Organizations providing special educational, cultural, recreational, and social benefits to minors.—Also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter are sales or leases to and sales of donated property by nonprofit organizations which are incorporated pursuant to chapter 617 the primary purpose of which is providing activities that contribute to the development of good character or good sportsmanship, or to the educational or cultural development, of minors. This exemption is extended only to that level of the organization that has a salaried executive officer or an elected nonsalaried executive officer. For the purpose of this paragraph, the term “donated property” means any property transferred to such nonprofit organization for less than 50 percent of its fair market value.
(m) Religious institutions.—
1. There are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter transactions involving sales or leases directly to religious institutions when used in carrying on their customary nonprofit religious activities or sales or leases of tangible personal property by religious institutions having an established physical place for worship at which nonprofit religious services and activities are regularly conducted and carried on.
2. As used in this paragraph, the term “religious institutions” means churches, synagogues, and established physical places for worship at which nonprofit religious services and activities are regularly conducted and carried on. The term “religious institutions” includes nonprofit corporations the sole purpose of which is to provide free transportation services to church members, their families, and other church attendees. The term “religious institutions” also includes nonprofit state, nonprofit district, or other nonprofit governing or administrative offices the function of which is to assist or regulate the customary activities of religious institutions. The term “religious institutions” also includes any nonprofit corporation that is qualified as nonprofit under s. 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and that owns and operates a Florida television station, at least 90 percent of the programming of which station consists of programs of a religious nature and the financial support for which, exclusive of receipts for broadcasting from other nonprofit organizations, is predominantly from contributions from the general public. The term “religious institutions” also includes any nonprofit corporation that is qualified as nonprofit under s. 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the primary activity of which is making and distributing audio recordings of religious scriptures and teachings to blind or visually impaired persons at no charge. The term “religious institutions” also includes any nonprofit corporation that is qualified as nonprofit under s. 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the sole or primary function of which is to provide, upon invitation, nonprofit religious services, evangelistic services, religious education, administrative assistance, or missionary assistance for a church, synagogue, or established physical place of worship at which nonprofit religious services and activities are regularly conducted.
(n) Veterans’ organizations.—
1. There are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter transactions involving sales or leases to qualified veterans’ organizations and their auxiliaries when used in carrying on their customary veterans’ organization activities or sales of food or drink by qualified veterans’ organizations in connection with customary veterans’ organization activities to members of qualified veterans’ organizations.
2. As used in this paragraph, the term “veterans’ organizations” means nationally chartered or recognized veterans’ organizations, including, but not limited to, the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, Florida chapters of the Paralyzed Veterans of America, Catholic War Veterans of the U.S.A., Jewish War Veterans of the U.S.A., and the Disabled American Veterans, Department of Florida, Inc., which hold current exemptions from federal income tax under s. 501(c)(4) or (19) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
(o) Schools, colleges, and universities.—Also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter are sales or leases to state tax-supported schools, colleges, or universities.
(p) Section 501(c)(3) organizations.—
1. Exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter are sales or leases to organizations determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be currently exempt from federal income tax pursuant to s. 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if such leases or purchases are used in carrying on their customary nonprofit activities, unless such organizations are subject to a final disqualification order issued by the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services pursuant to s. 496.430.
2. Exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter is tangible personal property purchased for resale by a dealer and subsequently donated to an organization determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be currently exempt from federal income tax pursuant to s. 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, unless such organization is subject to a final disqualification order issued by the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services pursuant to s. 496.430. For the purpose of this paragraph, the term “donate” means any transfer of title or possession of tangible personal property to a s. 501(c)(3) organization for no consideration.
(q) Resource recovery equipment.—Also exempt is resource recovery equipment which is owned and operated by or on behalf of any county or municipality, certified by the Department of Environmental Protection under the provisions of s. 403.715.
(r) School books and school lunches; institution of higher learning prepaid meal plans.—This exemption applies to school books used in regularly prescribed courses of study, and to school lunches served in public, parochial, or nonprofit schools operated for and attended by pupils of grades K through 12. Yearbooks, magazines, newspapers, directories, bulletins, and similar publications distributed by such educational institutions to their students are also exempt. School books and food sold or served at a college or institution of higher learning are taxable, except that prepaid meal plans purchased for use by students currently enrolled or preparing to enroll in a college or institution of higher learning are exempt. As used in this paragraph, the term “prepaid meal plans” means payment in advance, or payment using financial aid, once disbursed, to a college or institution of higher learning, or to a management entity under contract to provide prepaid meal plans on behalf of a college or institution of higher learning, for the provision of defined quantities of dollar equivalencies or meal plans that expire at the end of an academic term and cannot be refunded to the student upon expiration. Prepaid meal plans that contain a defined number of meals or a defined number of dollar equivalencies qualify for this exemption. However, the taxability of the dollar equivalencies of the prepaid meal plans shall be determined upon the plan’s use, and tax shall be due when the dollar equivalencies are used to make a purchase if that purchase is otherwise subject to sales tax pursuant to this chapter. As used in this paragraph, the term “dollar equivalencies” includes university-specific dollars on a declining balance, such as flex bucks or dining bucks.
(s) Tasting beverages.—Vinous and alcoholic beverages provided by distributors or vendors for the purpose of “wine tasting” and “spirituous beverage tasting” as contemplated under the provisions of 12ss. 564.06 and 565.12, respectively, are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(t) Boats temporarily docked in state.—
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of chapter 328, pertaining to the registration of vessels, a boat upon which the state sales or use tax has not been paid is exempt from the use tax under this chapter if it enters and remains in this state for a period not to exceed a total of 20 days in any calendar year calculated from the date of first dockage or slippage at a facility, registered with the department, that rents dockage or slippage space in this state. If a boat brought into this state for use under this paragraph is placed in a facility, registered with the department, for repairs, alterations, refitting, or modifications and such repairs, alterations, refitting, or modifications are supported by written documentation, the 20-day period shall be tolled during the time the boat is physically in the care, custody, and control of the repair facility, including the time spent on sea trials conducted by the facility. The 20-day time period may be tolled only once within a calendar year when a boat is placed for the first time that year in the physical care, custody, and control of a registered repair facility; however, the owner may request and the department may grant an additional tolling of the 20-day period for purposes of repairs that arise from a written guarantee given by the registered repair facility, which guarantee covers only those repairs or modifications made during the first tolled period. Within 72 hours after the date upon which the registered repair facility took possession of the boat, the facility must have in its possession, on forms prescribed by the department, an affidavit which states that the boat is under its care, custody, and control and that the owner does not use the boat while in the facility. Upon completion of the repairs, alterations, refitting, or modifications, the registered repair facility must, within 72 hours after the date of release, have in its possession a copy of the release form which shows the date of release and any other information the department requires. The repair facility shall maintain a log that documents all alterations, additions, repairs, and sea trials during the time the boat is under the care, custody, and control of the facility. The affidavit shall be maintained by the registered repair facility as part of its records for as long as required by s. 213.35. When, within 6 months after the date of its purchase, a boat is brought into this state under this paragraph, the 6-month period provided in s. 212.05(1)(a)2. or s. 212.06(8) shall be tolled.
2. During the period of repairs, alterations, refitting, or modifications and during the 20-day period referred to in subparagraph 1., the boat may be listed for sale, contracted for sale, or sold exclusively by a broker or dealer registered with the department without incurring a use tax under this chapter; however, the sales tax levied under this chapter applies to such sale.
3. The mere storage of a boat at a registered repair facility does not qualify as a tax-exempt use in this state.
4. As used in this paragraph, “registered repair facility” means:
a. A full-service facility that:
(I) Is located on a navigable body of water;
(II) Has haulout capability such as a dry dock, travel lift, railway, or similar equipment to service craft under the care, custody, and control of the facility;
(III) Has adequate piers and storage facilities to provide safe berthing of vessels in its care, custody, and control; and
(IV) Has necessary shops and equipment to provide repair or warranty work on vessels under the care, custody, and control of the facility;
b. A marina that:
(I) Is located on a navigable body of water;
(II) Has adequate piers and storage facilities to provide safe berthing of vessels in its care, custody, and control; and
(III) Has necessary shops and equipment to provide repairs or warranty work on vessels; or
c. A shoreside facility that:
(I) Is located on a navigable body of water;
(II) Has adequate piers and storage facilities to provide safe berthing of vessels in its care, custody, and control; and
(III) Has necessary shops and equipment to provide repairs or warranty work.
(u) Volunteer fire departments.—Also exempt are firefighting and rescue service equipment and supplies purchased by volunteer fire departments, duly chartered under the Florida Statutes as corporations not for profit.
(v) Professional services.—
1. Also exempted are professional, insurance, or personal service transactions that involve sales as inconsequential elements for which no separate charges are made.
2. The personal service transactions exempted pursuant to subparagraph 1. do not exempt the sale of information services involving the furnishing of printed, mimeographed, or multigraphed matter, or matter duplicating written or printed matter in any other manner, other than professional services and services of employees, agents, or other persons acting in a representative or fiduciary capacity or information services furnished to newspapers and radio and television stations. As used in this subparagraph, the term “information services” includes the services of collecting, compiling, or analyzing information of any kind or nature and furnishing reports thereof to other persons.
3. This exemption does not apply to any service warranty transaction taxable under s. 212.0506.
4. This exemption does not apply to any service transaction taxable under s. 212.05(1)(i).
(w) Certain newspaper, magazine, and newsletter subscriptions, shoppers, and community newspapers.—Likewise exempt are newspaper, magazine, and newsletter subscriptions in which the product is delivered to the customer by mail. Also exempt are free, circulated publications that are published on a regular basis, the content of which is primarily advertising, and that are distributed through the mail, home delivery, or newsstands. The exemption for newspaper, magazine, and newsletter subscriptions which is provided in this paragraph applies only to subscriptions entered into after March 1, 1997.
(x) Sporting equipment brought into the state.—Sporting equipment brought into Florida, for a period of not more than 4 months in any calendar year, used by an athletic team or an individual athlete in a sporting event is exempt from the use tax if such equipment is removed from the state within 7 days after the completion of the event.
(y) Charter fishing vessels.—The charge for chartering any boat or vessel, with the crew furnished, solely for the purpose of fishing is exempt from the tax imposed under s. 212.04 or s. 212.05. This exemption does not apply to any charge to enter or stay upon any “head-boat,” party boat, or other boat or vessel. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to exempt any boat from sales or use tax upon the purchase thereof except as provided in paragraph (t) and s. 212.05.
(z) Vending machines sponsored by nonprofit or charitable organizations.—Also exempt are food or drinks for human consumption sold for 25 cents or less through a coin-operated vending machine sponsored by a nonprofit corporation qualified as nonprofit pursuant to s. 501(c)(3) or (4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
(aa) Certain commercial vehicles.—Also exempt is the sale, lease, or rental of a commercial motor vehicle as defined in s. 207.002, when the following conditions are met:
1. The sale, lease, or rental occurs between two commonly owned and controlled corporations;
2. Such vehicle was titled and registered in this state at the time of the sale, lease, or rental; and
3. Florida sales tax was paid on the acquisition of such vehicle by the seller, lessor, or renter.
(bb) Community cemeteries.—Also exempt are purchases by any nonprofit corporation that has qualified under s. 501(c)(13) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and is operated for the purpose of maintaining a cemetery that was donated to the community by deed.
(cc) Works of art.—
1. Also exempt are works of art sold to or used by an educational institution.
2. This exemption also applies to the sale to or use in this state of any work of art by any person if it was purchased or imported exclusively for the purpose of being donated to any educational institution, or loaned to and made available for display by any educational institution, provided that the term of the loan agreement is for at least 10 years.
3. The exemption provided by this paragraph for donations is allowed only if the person who purchased the work of art transfers title to the donated work of art to an educational institution. Such transfer of title shall be evidenced by an affidavit meeting requirements established by rule to document entitlement to the exemption. Nothing in this paragraph shall preclude a work of art donated to an educational institution from remaining in the possession of the donor or purchaser, as long as title to the work of art lies with the educational institution.
4. A work of art is presumed to have been purchased in or imported into this state exclusively for loan as provided in subparagraph 2., if it is so loaned or placed in storage in preparation for such a loan within 90 days after purchase or importation, whichever is later; but a work of art is not deemed to be placed in storage in preparation for loan for purposes of this exemption if it is displayed at any place other than an educational institution.
5. The exemptions provided by this paragraph are allowed only if the person who purchased the work of art gives to the vendor an affidavit meeting the requirements, established by rule, to document entitlement to the exemption. The person who purchased the work of art shall forward a copy of such affidavit to the Department of Revenue at the time it is issued to the vendor.
6. The exemption for loans provided by subparagraph 2. applies only for the period during which a work of art is in the possession of the educational institution or is in storage before transfer of possession to that institution; and when it ceases to be so possessed or held, tax based upon the sales price paid by the owner is payable, and the statute of limitations provided in s. 95.091 shall begin to run at that time. However, tax shall not become due if the work of art is donated to an educational institution after the loan ceases.
7. Any educational institution to which a work of art has been donated pursuant to this paragraph shall make available to the department the title to the work of art and any other relevant information. Any educational institution which has received a work of art on loan pursuant to this paragraph shall make available to the department information relating to the work of art. Any educational institution that transfers from its possession a work of art as defined by this paragraph which has been loaned to it must notify the Department of Revenue within 60 days after the transfer.
8. For purposes of the exemptions provided by this paragraph, the term:
a. “Educational institutions” includes state tax-supported, parochial, church, and nonprofit private schools, colleges, or universities that conduct regular classes and courses of study required for accreditation by or membership in the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, the Florida Council of Independent Schools, or the Florida Association of Christian Colleges and Schools, Inc.; nonprofit private schools that conduct regular classes and courses of study accepted for continuing education credit by a board of the Division of Medical Quality Assurance of the Department of Health; or nonprofit libraries, art galleries, performing arts centers that provide educational programs to school children, which programs involve performances or other educational activities at the performing arts center and serve a minimum of 50,000 school children a year, and museums open to the public.
b. “Work of art” includes pictorial representations, sculpture, jewelry, antiques, stamp collections and coin collections, and other tangible personal property, the value of which is attributable predominantly to its artistic, historical, political, cultural, or social importance.
(dd) Taxicab leases.—The lease of or license to use a taxicab or taxicab-related equipment and services provided by a taxicab company to an independent taxicab operator are exempt, provided, however, the exemptions provided under this paragraph only apply if sales or use tax has been paid on the acquisition of the taxicab and its related equipment.
(ee) Aircraft repair and maintenance labor charges.—All labor charges for the repair and maintenance of qualified aircraft and aircraft of more than 2,000 pounds maximum certified takeoff weight, including rotary wing aircraft, are exempt from the tax imposed under this chapter. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, charges for parts and equipment furnished in connection with such labor charges are taxable.
(ff) Certain electricity or steam uses.—
1. Subject to the provisions of subparagraph 4., charges for electricity or steam used to operate machinery and equipment at a fixed location in this state when such machinery and equipment is used to manufacture, process, compound, produce, or prepare for shipment items of tangible personal property for sale, or to operate pollution control equipment, recycling equipment, maintenance equipment, or monitoring or control equipment used in such operations are exempt to the extent provided in this paragraph. If 75 percent or more of the electricity or steam used at the fixed location is used to operate qualifying machinery or equipment, 100 percent of the charges for electricity or steam used at the fixed location are exempt. If less than 75 percent but 50 percent or more of the electricity or steam used at the fixed location is used to operate qualifying machinery or equipment, 50 percent of the charges for electricity or steam used at the fixed location are exempt. If less than 50 percent of the electricity or steam used at the fixed location is used to operate qualifying machinery or equipment, none of the charges for electricity or steam used at the fixed location are exempt.
2. This exemption applies only to industries classified under SIC Industry Major Group Numbers 10, 12, 13, 14, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39 and Industry Group Number 212 and industries classified under NAICS code 423930. As used in this paragraph, “SIC” means those classifications contained in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987, as published by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President. As used in this subparagraph, the term “NAICS” means those classifications contained in the North American Industry Classification System, as published in 2007 by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President.
3. Possession by a seller of a written certification by the purchaser, certifying the purchaser’s entitlement to an exemption permitted by this subsection, relieves the seller from the responsibility of collecting the tax on the nontaxable amounts, and the department shall look solely to the purchaser for recovery of such tax if it determines that the purchaser was not entitled to the exemption.
4. Such exemption shall be applied as follows: beginning July 1, 2000, 100 percent of the charges for such electricity or steam shall be exempt.
(gg) Fair associations.—Also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter is the sale, use, lease, rental, or grant of a license to use, made directly to or by a fair association, of real or tangible personal property; any charge made by a fair association, or its agents, for parking, admissions, or for temporary parking of vehicles used for sleeping quarters; rentals, subleases, and sublicenses of real or tangible personal property between the owner of the central amusement attraction and any owner of an amusement ride, as those terms are used in ss. 616.15(1)(b) and 616.242(3)(a), for the furnishing of amusement rides at a public fair or exposition; and other transactions of a fair association which are incurred directly by the fair association in the financing, construction, and operation of a fair, exposition, or other event or facility that is authorized by s. 616.08. As used in this paragraph, the terms “fair association” and “public fair or exposition” have the same meaning as those terms are defined in s. 616.001. This exemption does not apply to the sale of tangible personal property made by a fair association through an agent or independent contractor; sales of admissions and tangible personal property by a concessionaire, vendor, exhibitor, or licensee; or rentals and subleases of tangible personal property or real property between the owner of the central amusement attraction and a concessionaire, vendor, exhibitor, or licensee, except for the furnishing of amusement rides, which transactions are exempt.
(hh) Solar energy systems.—Also exempt are solar energy systems or any component thereof. The Florida Solar Energy Center shall from time to time certify to the department a list of equipment and requisite hardware considered to be a solar energy system or a component thereof.
(ii) Nonprofit cooperative hospital laundries.—Also exempt are sales or leases to nonprofit organizations that are incorporated under chapter 617 and which are treated, for federal income tax purposes, as cooperatives under subchapter T of the Internal Revenue Code, whose sole purpose is to offer laundry supplies and services to their members who must all be exempt from federal income tax pursuant to s. 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. A member of a nonprofit cooperative hospital laundry whose Internal Revenue Code status changes shall, within 90 days after such change, divest all participation in the cooperative. The provision of laundry supplies and services to a nonmember business pursuant to a declaration of emergency under s. 252.36(2) and a written emergency plan of operation executed by the members of the cooperative does not invalidate or cause the denial of a cooperative’s certificate of exemption.
(jj) Complimentary meals.—Also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter are food or drinks that are furnished as part of a packaged room rate by any person offering for rent or lease any transient living accommodations as described in s. 509.013(4)(a) which are licensed under part I of chapter 509 and which are subject to the tax under s. 212.03, if a separate charge or specific amount for the food or drinks is not shown. Such food or drinks are considered to be sold at retail as part of the total charge for the transient living accommodations. Moreover, the person offering the accommodations is not considered to be the consumer of items purchased in furnishing such food or drinks and may purchase those items under conditions of a sale for resale.
(kk) Nonprofit corporation conducting the correctional work programs.—Products sold pursuant to s. 946.515 by the corporation organized pursuant to part II of chapter 946 are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. This exemption applies retroactively to July 1, 1983.
(ll) Parent-teacher organizations, parent-teacher associations, and schools having grades K through 12.—
1. Sales or leases to parent-teacher organizations and associations the purpose of which is to raise funds for schools that teach grades K through 12 and that are associated with schools having grades K through 12 are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
2. Parent-teacher organizations and associations described in subparagraph 1., and schools having grades K through 12, may pay tax to their suppliers on the cost price of school materials and supplies purchased, rented, or leased for resale or rental to students in grades K through 12, of items sold for fundraising purposes, and of items sold through vending machines located on the school premises, in lieu of collecting the tax imposed by this chapter from the purchaser. This subparagraph also applies to food or beverages sold through vending machines located in the student lunchroom or dining room of a school having kindergarten through grade 12.
3. In lieu of collecting the tax imposed by this chapter from the purchaser, school support organizations may pay tax to their suppliers on the cost price of food, drink, and supplies necessary to serve such food and drink when the food, drink, and supplies are purchased for resale. For purposes of this subparagraph, the term “school support organization” means an organization whose sole purpose is to raise funds to support extracurricular activities at public, parochial, or nonprofit schools that teach students in grades K through 12.
(mm) Mobile home lot improvements.—Items purchased by developers for use in making improvements to a mobile home lot owned by the developer may be purchased tax-exempt as a sale for resale if made pursuant to a contract that requires the developer to sell a mobile home to a purchaser, place the mobile home on the lot, and make the improvements to the lot for a single lump-sum price. The developer must collect and remit sales tax on the entire lump-sum price.
(nn) United States Department of Veterans Affairs.—When a veteran of the armed forces purchases an aircraft, boat, mobile home, motor vehicle, or other vehicle from a dealer pursuant to the provisions of 38 U.S.C. s. 3902(a), or any successor provision of the United States Code, the amount that is paid directly to the dealer by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs is not taxable. However, any portion of the purchase price which is paid directly to the dealer by the veteran is taxable.
(oo) Complimentary items.—There is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter:
1. Any food or drink, whether or not cooked or prepared on the premises, provided without charge as a sample or for the convenience of customers by a dealer that primarily sells food product items at retail.
2. Any item given to a customer as part of a price guarantee plan related to point-of-sale errors by a dealer that primarily sells food products at retail.
The exemptions in this paragraph do not apply to businesses with the primary activity of serving prepared meals or alcoholic beverages for immediate consumption.

(pp) Donated foods or beverages.—Any food or beverage donated by a dealer that sells food products at retail to a food bank or an organization that holds a current exemption from federal corporate income tax pursuant to s. 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(qq) Racing dogs.—The sale of a racing dog by its owner is exempt if the owner is also the breeder of the animal.
(rr) Equipment used in aircraft repair and maintenance.—Replacement engines, parts, and equipment used in the repair or maintenance of qualified aircraft and aircraft of more than 2,000 pounds maximum certified takeoff weight, including rotary wing aircraft, are exempt from the tax imposed under this chapter if such parts or equipment are installed on such aircraft that is being repaired or maintained in this state.
(ss) Aircraft sales or leases.—The sale or lease of a qualified aircraft or an aircraft of more than 15,000 pounds maximum certified takeoff weight for use by a common carrier is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. As used in this paragraph, “common carrier” means an airline operating under Federal Aviation Administration regulations contained in Title 14, chapter I, part 121 or part 129 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
(tt) Nonprofit water systems.—Sales or leases to a not-for-profit corporation which holds a current exemption from federal income tax under s. 501(c)(4) or (12) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter if the sole or primary function of the corporation is to construct, maintain, or operate a water system in this state.
(uu) Library cooperatives.—Sales or leases to library cooperatives certified under s. 257.41(2) are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(vv) Advertising agencies.—
1. As used in this paragraph, the term “advertising agency” means any firm that is primarily engaged in the business of providing advertising materials and services to its clients.
2. The sale of advertising services by an advertising agency to a client is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. Also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter are items of tangible personal property such as photographic negatives and positives, videos, films, galleys, mechanicals, veloxes, illustrations, digital audiotapes, analog tapes, printed advertisement copies, compact discs for the purpose of recording, digital equipment, and artwork and the services used to produce those items if the items are:
a. Sold to an advertising agency that is acting as an agent for its clients pursuant to contract, and are created for the performance of advertising services for the clients;
b. Produced, fabricated, manufactured, or otherwise created by an advertising agency for its clients, and are used in the performance of advertising services for the clients; or
c. Sold by an advertising agency to its clients in the performance of advertising services for the clients, whether or not the charges for these items are marked up or separately stated.
The exemption provided by this subparagraph does not apply when tangible personal property such as film, paper, and videotapes is purchased to create items such as photographic negatives and positives, videos, films, galleys, mechanicals, veloxes, illustrations, and artwork that are sold to an advertising agency or produced in-house by an advertising agency on behalf of its clients.

3. The items exempted from tax under subparagraph 2. and the creative services used by an advertising agency to design the advertising for promotional goods such as displays, display containers, exhibits, newspaper inserts, brochures, catalogs, direct mail letters or flats, shirts, hats, pens, pencils, key chains, or other printed goods or materials are not subject to tax. However, when such promotional goods are produced or reproduced for distribution, tax applies to the sales price charged to the client for such promotional goods.
4. For items purchased by an advertising agency and exempt from tax under this paragraph, possession of an exemption certificate from the advertising agency certifying the agency’s entitlement to exemption relieves the vendor of the responsibility of collecting the tax on the sale of such items to the advertising agency, and the department shall look solely to the advertising agency for recovery of tax if it determines that the advertising agency was not entitled to the exemption.
5. The exemptions provided by this paragraph apply retroactively, except that all taxes that have been collected must be remitted, and taxes that have been remitted before July 1, 1999, on transactions that are subject to exemption under this paragraph are not subject to refund.
6. The department may adopt rules that interpret or define the provisions of these exemptions and provide examples regarding the application of these exemptions.
(ww) Bullion.—The sale of gold, silver, or platinum bullion, or any combination thereof, in a single transaction is exempt if the sales price exceeds $500. The dealer must maintain proper documentation, as prescribed by rule of the department, to identify that portion of a transaction which involves the sale of gold, silver, or platinum bullion and is exempt under this paragraph.
(xx) Certain repair and labor charges.—
1. Subject to the provisions of subparagraphs 2. and 3., there is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter all labor charges for the repair of, and parts and materials used in the repair of and incorporated into, industrial machinery and equipment which is used for the manufacture, processing, compounding, production, or preparation for shipping of items of tangible personal property at a fixed location within this state.
2. This exemption applies only to industries classified under SIC Industry Major Group Numbers 10, 12, 13, 14, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39 and Industry Group Number 212. As used in this subparagraph, “SIC” means those classifications contained in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987, as published by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President.
3. This exemption shall be applied as follows:
a. Beginning July 1, 2000, 50 percent of such charges for repair parts and labor shall be exempt.
b. Beginning July 1, 2001, 75 percent of such charges for repair parts and labor shall be exempt.
c. Beginning July 1, 2002, 100 percent of such charges for repair parts and labor shall be exempt.
(yy) Film and other printing supplies.—Also exempt are the following materials purchased, produced, or created by businesses classified under SIC Industry Numbers 275, 276, 277, 278, or 279 for use in producing graphic matter for sale: film, photographic paper, dyes used for embossing and engraving, artwork, typography, lithographic plates, and negatives. As used in this paragraph, “SIC” means those classifications contained in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987, as published by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President.
(zz) People-mover systems.—People-mover systems, and parts thereof, which are purchased or manufactured by contractors employed either directly by or as agents for the United States Government, the state, a county, a municipality, a political subdivision of the state, or the public operator of a public-use airport as defined by s. 332.004(14) are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter when the systems or parts go into or become part of publicly owned facilities. In the case of contractors who manufacture and install such systems and parts, this exemption extends to the purchase of component parts and all other manufacturing and fabrication costs. The department may provide a form to be used by contractors to provide to suppliers of people-mover systems or parts to certify the contractors’ eligibility for the exemption provided under this paragraph. As used in this paragraph, “people-mover systems” includes wheeled passenger vehicles and related control and power distribution systems that are part of a transportation system for use by the general public, regardless of whether such vehicles are operator-controlled or driverless, self-propelled or propelled by external power and control systems, or conducted on roads, rails, guidebeams, or other permanent structures that are an integral part of such transportation system. “Related control and power distribution systems” includes any electrical or electronic control or signaling equipment, but does not include the embedded wiring, conduits, or cabling used to transmit electrical or electronic signals among such control equipment, power distribution equipment, signaling equipment, and wheeled vehicles.
(aaa) Florida Fire and Emergency Services Foundation.—Sales or leases to the Florida Fire and Emergency Services Foundation are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(bbb) Railroad roadway materials.—Also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter are railroad roadway materials used in the construction, repair, or maintenance of railways. Railroad roadway materials shall include rails, ties, ballasts, communication equipment, signal equipment, power transmission equipment, and any other track materials.
(ccc) Advertising materials distributed free of charge by mail in an envelope.—Likewise exempt are materials consisting exclusively of advertisements, such as individual coupons or other individual cards, sheets, or pages of printed advertising, that are distributed free of charge by mail in an envelope for 10 or more persons on a monthly, bimonthly, or other regular basis.
(ddd) Certain delivery charges.—Separately stated charges that can be avoided at the option of the purchaser for the delivery, inspection, placement, or removal from packaging or shipping materials of furniture or appliances by the selling dealer at the premises of the purchaser or the removal of similar items from the premises of the purchaser are exempt. If any charge for delivery, inspection, placement, or removal of furniture or appliances includes the modification, assembly, or construction of such furniture or appliances, then all of the charges are taxable.
(eee) Bookstore operations at a postsecondary educational institution.—Also exempt from payment of the tax imposed by this chapter on renting, leasing, letting, or granting a license for the use of any real property are payments to a postsecondary educational institution made by any person pursuant to a grant of the right to conduct bookstore operations on real property owned or leased by the postsecondary educational institution. As used in this paragraph, the term “bookstore operations” means activities consisting predominantly of sales, distribution, and provision of textbooks, merchandise, and services traditionally offered in college and university bookstores for the benefit of the institution’s students, faculty, and staff.
(fff) Aircraft temporarily in the state.—
1. An aircraft owned by a nonresident is exempt from the use tax imposed under this chapter if the aircraft enters and remains in this state for less than a total of 21 days during the 6-month period after the date of purchase. The temporary use of the aircraft and subsequent removal from this state may be proven by invoices for fuel, tie-down, or hangar charges issued by out-of-state vendors or suppliers or similar documentation that clearly and specifically identifies the aircraft. The exemption provided in this subparagraph is in addition to the exemptions provided in subparagraph 2. and s. 212.05(1)(a).
2. An aircraft owned by a nonresident is exempt from the use tax imposed under this chapter if the aircraft enters or remains in this state exclusively for purposes of flight training, repairs, alterations, refitting, or modification. Such purposes shall be supported by written documentation issued by in-state vendors or suppliers which clearly and specifically identifies the aircraft. The exemption provided in this subparagraph is in addition to the exemptions provided in subparagraph 1. and s. 212.05(1)(a).
(ggg) Fractional aircraft ownership programs.—The sale or use of aircraft primarily used in a fractional aircraft ownership program or of any parts or labor used in the completion, maintenance, repair, or overhaul of such aircraft is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. The exemption is not allowed unless the program manager of the fractional aircraft ownership program furnishes the dealer with a certificate stating that the lease, purchase, repair, or maintenance is for aircraft primarily used in a fractional aircraft ownership program and that the program manager qualifies for the exemption. If a program manager makes tax-exempt purchases on a continual basis, the program manager may allow the dealer to keep the certificate on file. The program manager must inform a dealer that keeps the certificate on file if the program manager no longer qualifies for the exemption. The department may adopt rules to administer this paragraph, including rules determining the format of the certificate.
(hhh) Items used in manufacturing and fabricating aircraft and gas turbine engines.—Chemicals, machinery, parts, and equipment used and consumed in the manufacture or fabrication of aircraft engines and gas turbine engines, including cores, electrical discharge machining supplies, brass electrodes, ceramic guides, reamers, grinding and deburring wheels, Norton vortex wheels, argon, nitrogen, helium, fluid abrasive cutters, solvents and soaps, borescopes, penetrants, patterns, dies, and molds consumed in the production of castings are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(iii) Accessible taxicabs.—The sale or lease of accessible taxicabs is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. As used in this paragraph, the term “accessible taxicab” means a chauffeur-driven taxi, limousine, sedan, van, or other passenger vehicle for which an operator is hired to use for the transportation of persons for compensation; which transports eight passengers or fewer; is equipped with a lift or ramp designed specifically to transport physically disabled persons or contains any other device designed to permit access to, and enable the transportation of, physically disabled persons, including persons who use wheelchairs, motorized wheelchairs, or similar mobility aids; which complies with the accessibility requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 49 C.F.R. ss. 38.23, 38.25, and 38.31, as amended, regardless of whether such requirements would apply under federal law; and meets all applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards and regulations adopted thereunder. If the lift or ramp or any other device is installed through an aftermarket conversion of a stock vehicle, only the value of the conversion is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(jjj) Certain machinery and equipment.—
1. Industrial machinery and equipment purchased by eligible manufacturing businesses which is used at a fixed location in this state for the manufacture, processing, compounding, or production of items of tangible personal property for sale is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. If, at the time of purchase, the purchaser furnishes the seller with a signed certificate certifying the purchaser’s entitlement to exemption pursuant to this paragraph, the seller is not required to collect the tax on the sale of such items, and the department shall look solely to the purchaser for recovery of the tax if it determines that the purchaser was not entitled to the exemption.
2. For purposes of this paragraph, the term:
a. “Eligible manufacturing business” means any business whose primary business activity at the location where the industrial machinery and equipment is located is within the industries classified under NAICS codes 31, 32, 33, 112511, and 423930.
b. “Eligible postharvest activity business” means a business whose primary business activity, at the location where the postharvest machinery and equipment is located, is within the industries classified under NAICS code 115114.
c. “NAICS” means those classifications contained in the North American Industry Classification System, as published in 2007 by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President.
d. “Primary business activity” means an activity representing more than 50 percent of the activities conducted at the location where the industrial machinery and equipment or postharvest machinery and equipment is located.
e. “Industrial machinery and equipment” means tangible personal property or other property that has a depreciable life of 3 years or more and that is used as an integral part in the manufacturing, processing, compounding, or production of tangible personal property for sale. The term includes tangible personal property or other property that has a depreciable life of 3 years or more which is used as an integral part in the recycling of metals for sale. A building and its structural components are not industrial machinery and equipment unless the building or structural component is so closely related to the industrial machinery and equipment that it houses or supports that the building or structural component can be expected to be replaced when the machinery and equipment are replaced. Heating and air-conditioning systems are not industrial machinery and equipment unless the sole justification for their installation is to meet the requirements of the production process, even though the system may provide incidental comfort to employees or serve, to an insubstantial degree, nonproduction activities. The term includes parts and accessories for industrial machinery and equipment only to the extent that the parts and accessories are purchased before the date the machinery and equipment are placed in service.
f. “Postharvest activities” means services performed on crops, after their harvest, with the intent of preparing them for market or further processing. Postharvest activities include, but are not limited to, crop cleaning, sun drying, shelling, fumigating, curing, sorting, grading, packing, and cooling.
g. “Postharvest machinery and equipment” means tangible personal property or other property with a depreciable life of 3 years or more which is used primarily for postharvest activities. A building and its structural components are not postharvest industrial machinery and equipment unless the building or structural component is so closely related to the postharvest machinery and equipment that it houses or supports that the building or structural component can be expected to be replaced when the postharvest machinery and equipment is replaced. Heating and air-conditioning systems are not postharvest machinery and equipment unless the sole justification for their installation is to meet the requirements of the postharvest activities process, even though the system may provide incidental comfort to employees or serve, to an insubstantial degree, nonpostharvest activities.
3. Postharvest machinery and equipment purchased by an eligible postharvest activity business which is used at a fixed location in this state is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. All labor charges for the repair of, and parts and materials used in the repair of and incorporated into, such postharvest machinery and equipment are also exempt. If, at the time of purchase, the purchaser furnishes the seller with a signed certificate certifying the purchaser’s entitlement to exemption pursuant to this subparagraph, the seller is not required to collect the tax on the sale of such items, and the department shall look solely to the purchaser for recovery of the tax if it determines that the purchaser was not entitled to the exemption.
(kkk) Motor vehicle child restraint.—The sale of a child restraint system or booster seat for use in a motor vehicle is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(lll) Youth bicycle helmets.—The sale of a bicycle helmet marketed for use by youth is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(mmm) Importation of motor vehicles; active United States Armed Forces members.—The importation of a motor vehicle purchased and used for 6 months or more in a foreign country by an active member of the United States Armed Forces or his or her spouse is also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter when the vehicle is imported, registered, or titled in this state for personal use by the member or his or her spouse. Proof of the active status of the member, and, when applicable, proof of the spouse’s relationship to the member, must be provided when the vehicle is titled and registered in this state.
(nnn) Products used to absorb menstrual flow.—Products used to absorb menstrual flow are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. As used in this paragraph, the term “products used to absorb menstrual flow” means products used to absorb or contain menstrual flow, including, but not limited to, tampons, sanitary napkins, pantiliners, and menstrual cups.
(ooo) Recycling roll off containers.—Recycling roll off containers purchased by a business whose primary business activity is within the industry classified under NAICS code 423930 and which are used exclusively for business activities within the industry classified under NAICS code 423930 are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter. As used in this paragraph, the term “NAICS” means those classifications contained in the North American Industry Classification System, as published in 2007 by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President.
2(ppp) Green hydrogen.—
1. As used this paragraph, the term:
a. “Green hydrogen” means hydrogen created using biomass or an electrolytic process powered from renewable energy sources, including solar energy, wind energy, biomass, and geothermal energy. The term also includes hydrogen created using the pyrolytic decomposition of methane gas.
b. “Primarily used” means a use of at least 50 percent.
2. The following are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter:
a. The purchase of machinery and equipment primarily used in the production, storage, transportation, compression, or blending of green hydrogen. The machinery and equipment must be used at a fixed location.
b. The purchase of machinery and equipment primarily used in the production, storage, transportation, compression, or blending of ammonia derived from green hydrogen, if the ammonia will be converted back to green hydrogen before its use or sale. The machinery and equipment must be used at a fixed location.
c. The purchase of machinery and equipment that are necessary to produce electrical energy resulting from the electrochemical reaction of green hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell. The electrical energy must be primarily used in manufacturing, processing, compounding, or producing for sale items of tangible personal property in this state. The machinery and equipment must be used at a fixed location.
3. Purchasers of machinery and equipment qualifying for the exemption provided in this paragraph shall furnish the vendor with an affidavit stating that the item or items to be exempted are for the use designated herein. Purchasers with self-accrual authority pursuant to s. 212.183 are not required to provide this affidavit but shall maintain all documentation necessary to prove the exempt status of purchases.
4. A person furnishing a false affidavit to the vendor for the purpose of evading payment of any tax imposed under this chapter shall be subject to the penalty set forth in s. 212.085 and as otherwise provided by law.
5. The department may adopt rules to implement the exemptions in this paragraph.
11(qqq) Baby and toddler products.—Also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter are:
1. Baby cribs, including baby playpens and baby play yards;
2. Baby strollers;
3. Baby safety gates;
4. Baby monitors;
5. Child safety cabinet locks and latches and electrical socket covers;
6. Bicycle child carrier seats and trailers designed for carrying young children, including any adapters and accessories for these seats and trailers;
7. Baby exercisers, jumpers, bouncer seats, and swings;
8. Breast pumps, bottle sterilizers, baby bottles and nipples, pacifiers, and teething rings;
9. Baby wipes;
10. Changing tables and changing pads;
11. Children’s diapers, including single-use diapers, reusable diapers, and reusable diaper inserts; and
12. Baby and toddler clothing, apparel, and shoes, primarily intended for and marketed for children age 5 or younger. Baby and toddler clothing size 5T and smaller and baby and toddler shoes size 13T and smaller are presumed to be primarily intended for and marketed for children age 5 or younger.
11(rrr) Diapers and incontinence products.—The sale for human use of diapers, incontinence undergarments, incontinence pads, or incontinence liners is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
11(sss) Oral hygiene products.—
1. Also exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter are oral hygiene products.
2. As used in this paragraph, the term “oral hygiene products” means electric and manual toothbrushes, toothpaste, dental floss, dental picks, oral irrigators, and mouthwash.
11(ttt) Firearm safety devices.—The sale of the following are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter:
1. A firearm safe, firearm lockbox, firearm case, or other device that is designed to be used to store a firearm and that is designed to be unlocked only by means of a key, a combination, or other similar means.
2. A firearm trigger lock or firearm cable lock that, when installed on a firearm, is designed to prevent the firearm from being operated without first deactivating the device and that is designed to be unlocked only by means of a key, a combination, or other similar means.
11(uuu) Small private investigative agencies.—
1. As used in this paragraph, the term:
a. “Private investigation services” has the same meaning as “private investigation,” as defined in s. 493.6101(17).
b. “Small private investigative agency” means a private investigator licensed under s. 493.6201 which:
(I) Employs three or fewer full-time or part-time employees, including those performing services pursuant to an employee leasing arrangement as defined in s. 468.520(4), in total; and
(II) During the previous calendar year, performed private investigation services otherwise taxable under this chapter in which the charges for the services performed were less than $150,000 for all its businesses related through common ownership.
2. The sale of private investigation services by a small private investigative agency to a client is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
3. The exemption provided by this paragraph may not apply in the first calendar year a small private investigative agency conducts sales of private investigation services taxable under this chapter.
(8) PARTIAL EXEMPTIONS; VESSELS ENGAGED IN INTERSTATE OR FOREIGN COMMERCE.—
(a) The sale or use of vessels and parts thereof used to transport persons or property in interstate or foreign commerce, including commercial fishing vessels, is subject to the taxes imposed in this chapter only to the extent provided herein. The basis of the tax shall be the ratio of intrastate mileage to interstate or foreign mileage traveled by the carrier’s vessels which were used in interstate or foreign commerce and which had at least some Florida mileage during the previous fiscal year. The ratio would be determined at the close of the carrier’s fiscal year. However, during the fiscal year in which the vessel begins its initial operations in this state, the vessel’s mileage apportionment factor may be determined on the basis of an estimated ratio of anticipated miles in this state to anticipated total miles for that year and, subsequently, additional tax shall be paid on the vessel, or a refund may be applied for, on the basis of the actual ratio of the vessel’s miles in this state to its total miles for that year. This ratio shall be applied each month to the total Florida purchases of such vessels and parts thereof which are used in Florida to establish that portion of the total used and consumed in intrastate movement and subject to the tax at the applicable rate. The basis for imposition of any discretionary surtax shall be as set forth in s. 212.054. Items, appropriate to carry out the purposes for which a vessel is designed or equipped and used, purchased by the owner, operator, or agent of a vessel for use on board such vessel shall be deemed to be parts of the vessel upon which the same are used or consumed. Vessels and parts thereof used to transport persons or property in interstate and foreign commerce are hereby determined to be susceptible to a distinct and separate classification for taxation under the provisions of this chapter. Vessels and parts thereof used exclusively in intrastate commerce do not qualify for the proration of tax.
(b) The partial exemption provided for in this subsection shall not be allowed unless the purchaser signs an affidavit stating that the item or items to be partially exempted are for the exclusive use designated herein and setting forth the extent of such partial exemption. Any person furnishing a false affidavit to such effect for the purpose of evading payment of any tax imposed under this chapter is subject to the penalties set forth in s. 212.12 and as otherwise provided by law.
(c) It is the intent of the Legislature that neither subsection (4) nor this subsection shall be construed as imposing the tax provided by this chapter on vessels used as common carriers, contract carriers, or private carriers, engaged in interstate or foreign commerce, except to the extent provided by the pro rata formula provided in subsection (4) and in paragraph (a).
(9) PARTIAL EXEMPTIONS; RAILROADS AND MOTOR VEHICLES ENGAGED IN INTERSTATE OR FOREIGN COMMERCE.—
(a) Railroads that are licensed as common carriers by the Surface Transportation Board and parts thereof used to transport persons or property in interstate or foreign commerce are subject to tax imposed in this chapter only to the extent provided herein. The basis of the tax shall be the ratio of intrastate mileage to interstate or foreign mileage traveled by the carrier during the previous fiscal year of the carrier. Such ratio is to be determined at the close of the carrier’s fiscal year. However, during the fiscal year in which the railroad begins its initial operations in this state, the railroad’s mileage apportionment factor may be determined on the basis of an estimated ratio of anticipated miles in this state to anticipated total miles for that year and, subsequently, additional tax shall be paid on the railroad, or a refund may be applied for, on the basis of the actual ratio of the railroad’s miles in this state to its total miles for that year. This ratio shall be applied each month to the purchases of the railroad in this state which are used in this state to establish that portion of the total used and consumed in intrastate movement and subject to tax under this chapter. The basis for imposition of any discretionary surtax is set forth in s. 212.054. Railroads that are licensed as common carriers by the Surface Transportation Board and parts thereof used to transport persons or property in interstate and foreign commerce are hereby determined to be susceptible to a distinct and separate classification for taxation under the provisions of this chapter.
(b) Motor vehicles that are engaged in interstate commerce as common carriers, and parts thereof, used to transport persons or property in interstate or foreign commerce are subject to tax imposed in this chapter only to the extent provided herein. The basis of the tax shall be the ratio of intrastate mileage to interstate or foreign mileage traveled by the carrier’s motor vehicles which were used in interstate or foreign commerce and which had at least some Florida mileage during the previous fiscal year of the carrier. Such ratio is to be determined at the close of the carrier’s fiscal year. However, during the fiscal year in which the carrier begins its initial operations in this state, the carrier’s mileage apportionment factor may be determined on the basis of an estimated ratio of anticipated miles in this state to anticipated total miles for that year and, subsequently, additional tax shall be paid on the carrier, or a refund may be applied for, on the basis of the actual ratio of the carrier’s miles in this state to its total miles for that year. This ratio shall be applied each month to the purchases in this state of such motor vehicles and parts thereof which are used in this state to establish that portion of the total used and consumed in intrastate movement and subject to tax under this chapter. The basis for imposition of any discretionary surtax is set forth in s. 212.054. Motor vehicles that are engaged in interstate commerce, and parts thereof, used to transport persons or property in interstate and foreign commerce are hereby determined to be susceptible to a distinct and separate classification for taxation under the provisions of this chapter. Motor vehicles and parts thereof used exclusively in intrastate commerce do not qualify for the proration of tax. For purposes of this paragraph, parts of a motor vehicle engaged in interstate commerce include a separate tank not connected to the fuel supply system of the motor vehicle into which diesel fuel is placed to operate a refrigeration unit or other equipment.
(10) PARTIAL EXEMPTION; MOTOR VEHICLE SOLD TO RESIDENT OF ANOTHER STATE.—
(a) The tax collected on the sale of a new or used motor vehicle in this state to a resident of another state shall be an amount equal to the sales tax which would be imposed on such sale under the laws of the state of which the purchaser is a resident, except that such tax shall not exceed the tax that would otherwise be imposed under this chapter. At the time of the sale, the purchaser shall execute a notarized statement of his or her intent to license the vehicle in the state of which the purchaser is a resident within 45 days of the sale and of the fact of the payment to the State of Florida of a sales tax in an amount equivalent to the sales tax of his or her state of residence and shall submit the statement to the appropriate sales tax collection agency in his or her state of residence. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require the removal of the vehicle from this state following the filing of an intent to license the vehicle in the purchaser’s home state if the purchaser licenses the vehicle in his or her home state within 45 days after the date of sale.
(b) Notwithstanding the partial exemption allowed in paragraph (a), a vehicle is subject to this state’s sales tax at the applicable state sales tax rate plus authorized surtaxes when the vehicle is purchased by a nonresident corporation or partnership and:
1. An officer of the corporation is a resident of this state;
2. A stockholder of the corporation who owns at least 10 percent of the corporation is a resident of this state; or
3. A partner in the partnership who has at least 10 percent ownership is a resident of this state.
However, if the vehicle is removed from this state within 45 days after purchase and remains outside the state for a minimum of 180 days, the vehicle may qualify for the partial exemption allowed in paragraph (a) despite the residency of owners or stockholders of the purchasing entity.

(c) Nothing herein shall require the payment of tax to the State of Florida for assessments made prior to July 1, 2001, if the tax imposed by this section has been paid to the state in which the vehicle was licensed and the department has assessed a like amount of tax on the same transactions. This provision shall apply retroactively to assessments that have been protested prior to August 1, 1999, and have not been paid on the date this act takes effect.
(11) PARTIAL EXEMPTION; FLYABLE AIRCRAFT.—
(a) The tax imposed on the sale by a manufacturer of flyable aircraft, who designs such aircraft, which sale may include necessary equipment and modifications placed on such flyable aircraft prior to delivery by the manufacturer, shall be an amount equal to the sales tax which would be imposed on such sale under the laws of the state in which the aircraft will be domiciled.
(b) This partial exemption applies only if the purchaser is a resident of another state who will not use the aircraft in this state, or if the purchaser is a resident of another state and uses the aircraft in interstate or foreign commerce, or if the purchaser is a resident of a foreign country.
(c) The maximum tax collectible under this subsection may not exceed 6 percent of the sales price of such aircraft. No Florida tax may be imposed on the sale of such aircraft if the state in which the aircraft will be domiciled does not allow Florida sales or use tax to be credited against its sales or use tax. Furthermore, no tax may be imposed on the sale of such aircraft if the state in which the aircraft will be domiciled has enacted a sales and use tax exemption for flyable aircraft or if the aircraft will be domiciled outside the United States.
(d) The purchaser shall execute a sworn affidavit attesting that he or she is not a resident of this state and stating where the aircraft will be domiciled. If the aircraft is subsequently used in this state within 6 months of the time of purchase, in violation of the intent of this subsection, the purchaser shall be liable for payment of the full use tax imposed by this chapter and shall be subject to the penalty imposed by s. 212.12(2), which penalty shall be mandatory. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, the owner of an aircraft purchased pursuant to this subsection may permit the aircraft to be returned to this state for repairs within 6 months after the date of sale without the aircraft being in violation of the law and without incurring liability for payment of tax or penalty on the purchase price of the aircraft, so long as the aircraft is removed from this state within 20 days after the completion of the repairs and such removal can be proven by invoices for fuel, tie-down, or hangar charges issued by out-of-state vendors or suppliers or similar documentation.
(12) PARTIAL EXEMPTION; MASTER TAPES, RECORDS, FILMS, OR VIDEO TAPES.—
(a) There are exempt from the taxes imposed by this chapter the gross receipts from the sale or lease of, and the storage, use, or other consumption in this state of, master tapes or master records embodying sound, or master films or master video tapes; except that amounts paid to recording studios or motion picture or television studios for the tangible elements of such master tapes, records, films, or video tapes are taxable as otherwise provided in this chapter. This exemption will inure to the taxpayer upon presentation of the certificate of exemption issued to the taxpayer under the provisions of s. 288.1258.
(b) For the purposes of this subsection, the term:
1. “Amounts paid for the tangible elements” does not include any amounts paid for the copyrightable, artistic, or other intangible elements of such master tapes, records, films, or video tapes, whether designated as royalties or otherwise, including, but not limited to, services rendered in producing, fabricating, processing, or imprinting tangible personal property or any other services or production expenses in connection therewith which may otherwise be construed as constituting a “sale” under s. 212.02.
2. “Master films or master video tapes” means films or video tapes utilized by the motion picture and television production industries in making visual images for reproduction.
3. “Master tapes or master records embodying sound” means tapes, records, and other devices utilized by the recording industry in making recordings embodying sound.
4. “Motion picture or television studio” means a facility in which film or video tape productions or parts of productions are made and which contains the necessary equipment and personnel for this purpose and includes a mobile unit or vehicle that is equipped in much the same manner as a stationary studio and used in the making of film or video tape productions.
5. “Recording studio” means a place where, by means of mechanical or electronic devices, voices, music, or other sounds are transmitted to tapes, records, or other devices capable of reproducing sound.
6. “Recording industry” means any person engaged in an occupation or business of making recordings embodying sound for a livelihood or for a profit.
7. “Motion picture or television production industry” means any person engaged in an occupation or business for a livelihood or for profit of making visual motion picture or television visual images for showing on screen or television for theatrical, commercial, advertising, or educational purposes.
(13) No transactions shall be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter except those expressly exempted herein. All laws granting tax exemptions, to the extent they may be inconsistent or in conflict with this chapter, including, but not limited to, the following designated laws, shall yield to and be superseded by the provisions of this subsection: ss. 125.019, 153.76, 154.2331, 159.15, 159.31, 159.50, 159.708, 163.385, 163.395, 215.76, 243.33, 315.11, 348.65, 348.762, 349.13, 403.1834, 616.07, and 623.09, and the following Laws of Florida, acts of the year indicated: s. 31, chapter 30843, 1955; s. 19, chapter 30845, 1955; s. 12, chapter 30927, 1955; s. 8, chapter 31179, 1955; s. 15, chapter 31263, 1955; s. 13, chapter 31343, 1955; s. 16, chapter 59-1653; s. 13, chapter 59-1356; s. 12, chapter 61-2261; s. 19, chapter 61-2754; s. 10, chapter 61-2686; s. 11, chapter 63-1643; s. 11, chapter 65-1274; s. 16, chapter 67-1446; and s. 10, chapter 67-1681. This subsection does not supersede the authority of a local government to adopt financial and local government incentives pursuant to s. 163.2517.
(14) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The department shall establish a technical assistance advisory committee with public and private sector members, including representatives of both manufacturers and retailers, to advise the Department of Revenue and the 13Department of Health in determining the taxability of specific products and product lines pursuant to subsection (1) and paragraph (2)(a). In determining taxability and in preparing a list of specific products and product lines that are or are not taxable, the committee shall not be subject to the provisions of chapter 120. Private sector members shall not be compensated for serving on the committee.
(15) ELECTRICAL ENERGY USED IN AN ENTERPRISE ZONE.—
(a) Beginning July 1, 1995, charges for electrical energy used by a qualified business at a fixed location in an enterprise zone in a municipality which has enacted an ordinance pursuant to s. 166.231(8) which provides for exemption of municipal utility taxes on such businesses or in an enterprise zone jointly authorized by a county and a municipality which has enacted an ordinance pursuant to s. 166.231(8) which provides for exemption of municipal utility taxes on such businesses shall receive an exemption equal to 50 percent of the tax imposed by this chapter, or, if no less than 20 percent of the employees of the business are residents of an enterprise zone, excluding temporary and part-time employees, the exemption shall be equal to 100 percent of the tax imposed by this chapter. A qualified business may receive such exemption for a period of 5 years from the billing period beginning not more than 30 days following notification to the applicable utility company by the department that an exemption has been authorized pursuant to this subsection and s. 166.231(8).
(b) To receive this exemption, a business must file an application, with the enterprise zone development agency having jurisdiction over the enterprise zone where the business is located, on a form provided by the department for the purposes of this subsection and s. 166.231(8). The application shall be made under oath and shall include:
1. The name and location of the business.
2. The identifying number assigned pursuant to s. 290.0065 to the enterprise zone in which the business is located.
3. The date on which electrical service is to be first initiated to the business.
4. The name and mailing address of the entity from which electrical energy is to be purchased.
5. The date of the application.
6. The name of the city in which the business is located.
7. If applicable, the name and address of each permanent employee of the business including, for each employee who is a resident of an enterprise zone, the identifying number assigned pursuant to s. 290.0065 to the enterprise zone in which the employee resides.
8. Whether the business is a small business as defined by s. 288.703.
(c) Within 10 working days after receipt of an application, the enterprise zone development agency shall review the application to determine if it contains all information required pursuant to paragraph (b) and meets the criteria set out in this subsection. The agency shall certify all applications that contain the information required pursuant to paragraph (b) and meet the criteria set out in this subsection as eligible to receive an exemption. If applicable, the agency shall also certify if 20 percent of the employees of the business are residents of an enterprise zone, excluding temporary and part-time employees. The certification shall be in writing, and a copy of the certification shall be transmitted to the executive director of the Department of Revenue. The applicant shall be responsible for forwarding a certified application to the department within 6 months after the occurrence of the appropriate qualifying provision set out in paragraph (f).
(d) If, in a subsequent audit conducted by the department, it is determined that the business did not meet the criteria mandated in this subsection, the amount of taxes exempted shall immediately be due and payable to the department by the business, together with the appropriate interest and penalty, computed from the due date of each bill for the electrical energy purchased as exempt under this subsection, in the manner prescribed by this chapter.
(e) The department shall adopt rules governing applications for, issuance of, and the form of applications for the exemption authorized in this subsection and provisions for recapture of taxes exempted under this subsection, and the department may establish guidelines as to qualifications for exemption.
(f) For the purpose of the exemption provided in this subsection, the term “qualified business” means a business which is:
1. First occupying a new structure to which electrical service, other than that used for construction purposes, has not been previously provided or furnished;
2. Newly occupying an existing, remodeled, renovated, or rehabilitated structure to which electrical service, other than that used for remodeling, renovation, or rehabilitation of the structure, has not been provided or furnished in the three preceding billing periods; or
3. Occupying a new, remodeled, rebuilt, renovated, or rehabilitated structure for which a refund has been granted pursuant to paragraph (5)(g).
(g) This subsection expires on the date specified in s. 290.016 for the expiration of the Florida Enterprise Zone Act, except that:
1. Paragraph (d) shall not expire; and
2. Any qualified business which has been granted an exemption under this subsection prior to that date shall be allowed the full benefit of this exemption as if this subsection had not expired on that date.
(16) EXEMPTIONS; SPACE ACTIVITIES.—
(a) There shall be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter:
1. The sale, lease, use, storage, consumption, or distribution in this state of any orbital space facility, space propulsion system, or space vehicle, satellite, or station of any kind possessing space flight capacity, including the components thereof.
2. The sale, lease, use, storage, consumption, or distribution in this state of tangible personal property placed on or used aboard any orbital space facility, space propulsion system, or space vehicle, satellite, or station of any kind, irrespective of whether such tangible personal property is returned to this state for subsequent use, storage, or consumption in any manner. This exemption is not affected by the failure of a launch to occur, or the destruction of a launch vehicle or any components thereof.
(b) This subsection shall be strictly construed and enforced.
(17) EXEMPTIONS; CERTAIN GOVERNMENT CONTRACTORS.—
(a) Subject to paragraph (d), the tax imposed by this chapter does not apply to the sale to or use by a government contractor of overhead materials. The term “government contractor” includes prime contractors and subcontractors.
(b) As used in this subsection, the term “overhead materials” means all tangible personal property, other than qualifying property as defined in s. 212.02(14)(a) and electricity, which is used or consumed in the performance of a qualifying contract, title to which property vests in or passes to the government under the contract.
(c) As used in this subsection and in s. 212.02(14)(a), the term “qualifying contract” means a contract with the United States Department of Defense or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or a subcontract thereunder, but does not include a contract or subcontract for the repair, alteration, improvement, or construction of real property, except to the extent that purchases under such a contract would otherwise be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(d) The exemption provided in this subsection applies as follows:
1. Beginning July 1, 2000, the tax imposed by this chapter shall be applicable to 60 percent of the sales price or cost price of such overhead materials.
2. Beginning July 1, 2001, the tax imposed by this chapter shall be applicable to 40 percent of the sales price or cost price of such overhead materials.
3. Beginning July 1, 2002, the tax imposed by this chapter shall be applicable to 20 percent of the sales price or cost price of such overhead materials.
4. Beginning July 1, 2003, the entire sales price or cost price of such overhead materials is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
The exemption provided in this subsection does not apply to any part of the cost of overhead materials allocated to a contract that is not a qualifying contract.

(e) Possession by a seller of a resale certificate or direct-pay permit relieves the seller from the responsibility of collecting the tax, and the department shall look solely to the contractor for recovery of such tax if it determines that the contractor was not entitled to the exemption. The contractor shall self-accrue and remit any applicable sales or use tax due with respect to overhead materials and with respect to costs allocable to contracts that are not qualifying contracts. The department may amend its rules to reflect the use of resale certificates and direct-pay permits with respect to the exemption provided for in this subsection.
(f) This subsection is not an expression of legislative intent as to the applicability of any tax to any sale or use of overhead materials prior to July 1, 1999. In addition, this subsection does not imply that transactions or costs that are not described in this subsection are taxable.
(18) MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT USED PREDOMINANTLY FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—
(a) Machinery and equipment used predominantly for research and development as defined in this subsection are exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
(b) For purposes of this subsection:
1. “Machinery and equipment” includes, but is not limited to, molds, dies, machine tooling, other appurtenances or accessories to machinery and equipment, testing and measuring equipment, test beds, computers, and software, whether purchased or self-fabricated, and, if self-fabricated, includes materials and labor for design, fabrication, and assembly.
2. “Predominantly” means at least 50 percent of the time.
3. “Research and development” means research that has one of the following as its ultimate goal:
a. Basic research in a scientific field of endeavor;
b. Advancing knowledge or technology in a scientific or technical field of endeavor;
c. The development of a new product, whether or not the new product is offered for sale;
d. The improvement of an existing product, whether or not the improved product is offered for sale;
e. The development of new uses of an existing product, whether or not a new use is offered as a rationale to purchase the product; or
f. The design and development of prototypes, whether or not a resulting product is offered for sale.
The term “research and development” does not include ordinary testing or inspection of materials or products used for quality control, market research, efficiency surveys, consumer surveys, advertising and promotions, management studies, or research in connection with literary, historical, social science, psychological, or other similar nontechnical activities.

(c) The department may adopt rules pursuant to ss. 120.536(1) and 120.54 that provide for administering and implementing this exemption.
(d) A person who claims the exemption provided in this subsection shall furnish the vendor of the machinery or equipment, including the vendor of materials and labor used in self-fabrication of the machinery or equipment, an affidavit stating that the item or items for which an exemption is claimed are machinery and equipment that will be used predominantly for research and development as required by this subsection. A purchaser who claims the exemption by refund shall include the affidavit with the refund application. The affidavit must contain the purchaser’s name, address, sales and use tax registration number, and, if applicable, federal employer’s identification number. Any person fraudulently furnishing an affidavit to the vendor for the purpose of evading payment of any tax imposed under this chapter shall be subject to the penalty set forth in s. 212.085 and as otherwise provided by law.
(e) In lieu of furnishing an affidavit, a purchaser claiming the exemption provided in this subsection who has a direct-pay permit may furnish the vendor with a copy of the direct-pay permit and shall maintain all documentation necessary to prove the exempt status of the purchases and fabrication activity.
(f) Purchasers shall maintain all documentation necessary to prove the exempt status of purchases and fabrication activity and make such documentation available for inspection pursuant to the requirements of s. 212.13(2).
14(19) FLORIDA FARM TEAM CARD.—
(a) Notwithstanding any other law, a farmer whose property has been classified as agricultural pursuant to s. 193.461 or who has implemented agricultural best management practices adopted by the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services pursuant to s. 403.067(7)(c)2. may apply to the department for a Florida farm tax exempt agricultural materials (TEAM) card to claim the applicable sales tax exemptions provided in this section. A farmer may present the Florida farm TEAM card to a selling dealer in lieu of a certificate or affidavit otherwise required by this chapter.
(b) The Florida farm TEAM card is subject to the review and expiration provisions of s. 212.084. The department shall adopt rules to administer this subsection. The Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services may take all actions necessary for the administration, issuance, and distribution of the Florida farm TEAM cards to farmers registered with the department.
(c) For items purchased tax exempt pursuant to this subsection, proof of acceptance by a selling dealer of a Florida farm TEAM card from a purchaser relieves the selling dealer of the responsibility of collecting the tax on the sale of such items, and the department shall look solely to the purchaser for recovery of the tax if it determines that the purchaser was not entitled to the exemption.
(d) The department shall accept Florida farm TEAM card applications beginning on January 1, 2024.